an electrically operated Vitex doniana fruit juice extractor was designed and fabricated along with other unit operation equipment such as filter press, pasteurizer, sorting table, water bath, capping machine and stove, under a project titled "EU grant project on sustainable development of farm agro-forestry and fuel wood conservation system in NorthWest Katsina, Katsina State." The fabricated juice processing line was used for this study.

The Jos Plateau has been reported to have elevated levels of natural background radiation. A few earlier studies have measured the levels of natural radioactivity for specific locations in the area. Our interest is to investigate how geology of the study area influences the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides. Thus, the activity concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in soil samples collected across the geological formations of the Jos Plateau were determined by gamma spectrometry technique. The mean activity concentrations of Ra,Th and K were found to exceed their corresponding world reference values of 35, 40 and 400 Bq kg, respectively. Data were compared using statistical methods, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests. The results revealed in some instances significant influences of geological types on the activity concentrations in the area. The spatial distribution maps of activity concentrations of Ra,Th and K were geostatistically interpolated by ordinary Kriging method using ArcGIS software.

The quest for other alternative and sustainable energy prompted the feasibility assessment of Zobe dam meant for irrigation to  produce electricity; In this write-up the scheme is designed to operate with two turbines; turbine T1 to operate all year round to take account of the irrigation need downstream, The second turbine T2 will operate on a spill discharge, and to be available for four months with a generation capacity of 0.969 MW. T1 is expected to discharge 55,500,000m3 within six months to cater for irrigation need with an average discharge rate of 3.6m3 /s. it was found that, the dam has the potential to generate a minimum 0.671MW all year round and a maximum of 1.5MW of power during Peak discharge period. The scheme was designed with minimum modification of the existing infrastructure at site which translate to minimum cost implication in construction, system operation and maintenance. Keywords: Economic transformation, Energy, hydropower, Irrigation farming, Zobe dam,

World development increased dramatically ever since the Industrial Revolution, in particular after  second world war (WWII), which drove the rise of energy consumption. Thus, energy consumption in the World has been growing continuously in the past 50 years. Using micro Combined Heat and Power (mCHP) allows energy scheduling and demand-side management depending on different variables which will benefit users and suppliers. Different researches have been conducted due to increasing interest from researchers to increase and optimise the advantages of energy scheduling. In addition to the mCHP system, optimisation process also includes distributed energy sources (solar panels) with electricity storage. On the demand side, various devices with different load profiles which can be controlled over time can be considered. This study therefore, being a desktop based one, sought to review the energy demand-side management as it applies to the use of mCHP in residential settings.

Natural environmental terrestrial gamma radiation dose (TGRD) rate measurements have been carried out across the geological formations of Jos Plateau, Nigeria. External gamma radiation dose rates ranged between 11 and 714 nGy h TGRD levels and geological type was determined. Statistical comparative method one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the TGRD means for the various results revealed in some instances, significant differences among the mean values of TGRD rates for the different underlying geological structures. Annual effective dose and collective effective dose for the general public due to exp mSv y -1 and 1.20x10 2 mSv y -1 , respectively. Isodose map for exposure rate due to TGRD wasplotted using ArcGIS software. The results will serve as database for natural background radiation for the country.

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