Issues relating to the rights and protection accorded to employees throughout their employment with the employers is a matter that has been given much attention and treated with utmost priority in any organization, be it in the public or the private sector. It is an undeniable fact that the success story of any organization in the generation of profits in its enterprise or the smooth running in achieving the organization's desired objectives is much attributed to having a reliable, skilled and efficient workforce. Today, employees have been regarded as one of the most valuable assets of any organization. In pursuant thereto, apart from having various employment packages, laws regulating employment were enacted as protective measures in guiding both employers and employees. At the international level, rights and protections to employees have been embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Comparatively, under the Shariah, though a similar concept has been forwarded, the notion of employment has been elevated to the status of 'ibadah. Islam places importance of adhering to the Shari`ah principles in dealing with protection accorded to employees. As employment is regarded as 'ibadah' the employees are required and enjoined to observe full dedication, sincerity and commitment to their tasks. It is the responsibility of the employers, on the other hand, to ensure that the welfare of their employees is well protected. This paper attempts to outline the concept of employment under the Shari'ah and civil perspectives and to provide a comparative understanding on the rights and protection accorded to employees.
In principle, civil procedure consists of court rules with the overriding purpose of enabling the court to process a civil case right from the process of commencement of action to its disposal in an efficient and expeditious manner. At this point in time, however, there is a scarcity of publications in Malaysia on the subject of civil procedure (tatacara mal) of the Shariah courts. In comparison, there are sufficient texts on the subject of civil procedure of the civil courts and also on the substantive aspects of Syariah laws. Such a situation demands serious attention especially when Syarie lawyers and undergraduate students enrolled for courses relating to Syariah or Law (or a double-degree programme of Syariah and Law) are in need of a book on civil procedure in the Syariah Court that incorporates the substantive aspects of civil litigation and drafting skills.
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Undoubtedly, it cannot be denied rights of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) preserved and protected under Islamic and Legal perspectives. Islam sees the disability as morally neutral and given equal preservation just like any other human being. Ensuring their inclusiveness can help achieve global goals, realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by, for, and with PWDs. Building on the principle of "leaving no one behind," the new Agenda emphasizes a holistic approach to achieving sustainable development for all (United Nations, 2016). This research examined the rights of PWDs according to Islamic and legal perspectives. This study uses the PRISMA methodology and two electronic databases from SCOPUS and HeinOnline systematically searched for papers or articles relating to Islam and disabilities, legal perspective, and the rights of PWDs over the period 2010 until 2020. The data collected was analyzed and recorded in the PRISMA flow chart. The result shows that 54 articles showed from the searching on both databases. However, only 28 journal articles were selected and analyzed after the final filter in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Ten interesting articles were chosen for discussion on the Islamic and legal perspectives on the rights of PWDs. Hopefully, this research will provide a useful overview and discussion of the systematic analysis of PWD rights from Islamic and legal perspectives using PRISMA methodology, as well as serve as a reference for other researchers and academics.
The development of science and technology today has contributed to the advancement of evidence law in the Civil Courts as well as Syariah Courts. The said application of science and technology refers to the scientific evidence produced from the results of analysis done by the expertise in forensic science. Numbers of reported Syariah cases has applied forensic science analysis and test to produce scientific evidence. These cases have portrayed the admission of scientific evidence in Syariah Courts and indicate the readiness of human capital in the Syariah Legal Institutions to apply the scientific evidence. Therefore, this study carry three purposes, to examine the main issues in handling the scientific evidence, to provide suggestion to rejuvenate human capital in Syariah Legal Institutions, and to suggest solution for the issues pointed out throughout the discussion. The result of this study elucidates two main issues that play integral part in handling the scientific evidence, which are the lack of knowledge and adequate experience. In order to overcome these particular issues, rejuvenation on the existing human capital in Syariah Legal Institutions must be done. This study focused on the rejuvenation in the aspect of knowledge and skills of human capital. The said module should contain two mains aspect, theoretical and practical aspect of forensic science. The target of this module is to serve the Syariah officers in the Syariah Legal Institutions as comprehensive guideline and instruction to lead the fundamentals of the forensic science in Syariah Courts into an appropriate platform. In conclusion, this study suggests the development of Fiqh Forensics Fundamental Module to curb the issues of lack of sufficient knowledge and adequate skills in handling scientific evidence.
Zakat management is subject to the authority and views of the local government. In Malaysia, the State Islamic Religious Council (MAIN) in everu state is the ruling authorities in the management of zakat includes the collection of zakat from the local community. Base on the current survey, all MAINs have appointed certified agents or amil within the institutions, groups or individuals to facilitate the collection of zakat in their respective states. Permission to collect zakat is essentially implemented on local base and appointed agents are not allowed to collect zakat across the state borders. Generally, almost all states provide enactments, acts or ordinances explaining Shariah criminal penalties and offenses for the act of collecting zakat in other states without permission. However, there are cases and issues arose from this crime activity among amil or unauthorized agents. This action indirectly affects zakat institutions and zakat recipients negatively. The objective of this study is to identify issues and modus operandi associated with zakat collection across states by unauthorized agents and amil. The study will also assess issues related to Islamic view including the issued fatwas while suggesting alternatives as solution to this polemic. This study utilises qualitative approach involving interviews and documentation in data collection. The findings show that the issue of zakat collection in other states by unauthorized agents and amils are contradict to Syariah Administration law in Malaysia. This study hopefully can be a reference to zakat institutions, MAIN, state mufti departments and zakat-authorized bodies in Malaysia in addressing the issue of across states zakat collection. Further studies on the effects of this issue on zakat institutions and zakat recipients in the affected states need to be carried out to ensure that this wrongdoing can be curbed effectively. ABSTRAK: Pengurusan perihal zakat adalah tertakluk kepada kuasa dan pandangan pemerintah setempat. Di Malaysia, Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN) negeri-negeri adalah pemerintah yang berkuasa dalam pengurusan zakat termasuklah berkaitan kutipan zakat masyarakat setempat. Berdasarkan tinjauan semasa, semua MAIN telah melantik ejen atau amil yang bertauliah dalam kalangan institusi, kelompok atau individu bagi memudahkan lagi proses kutipan zakat di negeri masing-masing. Kebenaran mengutip zakat tersebut hakikatnya adalah bersifat lokal dan tidak dibenarkan merentasi sempadan negeri lain. Umumnya, hampir kesemua negeri memperuntukkan enakmen, akta atau ordinan yang menjelaskan hukuman dan kesalahan jenayah Syariah bagi perbuatan mengutip zakat di negeri lain atau tanpa kebenaran. Namun begitu, timbul beberapa kes dan isu yang melibatkan kesalahan mengutip zakat dalam kalangan amil atau ejen yang tidak bertauliah di negeri lain. Perkara ini secara tidak langsung memberi kesan kepada institusi zakat dan penerima zakat. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti isu berkaitan kutipan zakat di negeri lain oleh ejen dan amil yang tidak bertauliah. Kajian juga akan menilai isu-isu yang berkaitan menurut pandangan syarak termasuk fatwa yang dikeluarkan di samping mencadangkan alternatif sebagai solusi bagi polemik ini. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang melibatkan kaedah temu bual dan dokumentasi dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa isu kutipan zakat di negeri lain oleh ejen dan amil yang tidak bertauliah adalah bertentangan dengan syarak dan perundangan Syariah di Malaysia. Kajian ini boleh menjadi rujukan dan panduan oleh pihak institusi zakat, MAIN, jabatan mufti dan badan-badan berautoriti zakat di Malaysia dalam menangani isu kutipan zakat di negeri lain. Kajian lanjutan berkaitan kesan isu ini terhadap institusi zakat dan penerima zakat di negeri yang terlibat perlu dijalankan bagi memastikan gejala ini dapat ditangani sebaik mungkin.
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