Zoonotic Tuberculosis (Ztb) is caused by member of group bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex which can attack animals as reservoirs and is zoonotic so that it can be transmitted and infected humans. This paper aims to review about zoonotic tuberculosis which includes: causative agents, modes of transmission, risk factors and prevention of Ztb transmission from livestock to humans. Based on reviewing 47 literatures, it shows that zoonotic tuberculosis in livestock can be caused by Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae and Mycobacterium orygis. The disease is transmitted by inhalation and oral routes. The most common risk factors are types of livestock rearing, age of livestock and population or herds size. There are several measures to prevent Ztb transmitted from livestock to humans, such as improving the good maintenance management, implementation of routine surveillance program, increasing vaccination coverage and other preventive measures by taking into account all risk factors that can increase the incidence and transmission of Ztb.
Mastitis is Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder. Mastitis is mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria both bacterial and yeast. The purpose of this review is to describe the ecology and epidemiology of mastitis prevalent in West Java and to propose control options that may be suitable for the West Java situation. The review was conducted using published papers about mastitis in West Java and government documentation. We determined that the major classification mastitis in West Java are clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis. We also determined that the major pathogens agent of mastitis both clinical and subclinical mastitis are bacteriology and mycology agent. Education of farmers is an important part of any control program. The ecology and epidemiology of mastitis in West Java are still largely not understood. Future studies should be aimed at the evaluation of the proposed methods of disease control, an understanding of the impact of mastitis infection on dairy production in West Java and the role of the movement of dairy cattle products into and among regions in West Java.
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