Objectives This study determined the prevalence and trends in caesarean section (C-section) deliveries and the factors associated with the utilization of C-section deliveries among Indonesian mothers from 2007 to 2017. Methods We used Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data sets (2007, 2012, and 2017) to assess the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with C-section delivery through univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Results A 10% increase in C-section delivery among Indonesian women was observed between the years 2007 and 2017. Mothers from urban areas tended to receive more C-sections than mothers from rural areas (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.49). More educated mothers were more likely (aOR = 3.373) to receive C-sections than mothers without formal education. Mothers from wealthy family backgrounds were more (aOR = 1.97) likely to receive C-sections than mothers from low-income families. Antenatal care (ANC) visits were significantly positively associated with receiving C-sections; mothers with more than four ANC visits (aOR = 4.54) tended to receive more C-sections than mothers with no ANC visits. For first births, mothers over 25 years of age were more likely (aOR = 2.07) to receive C-sections than mothers less than 18 years of age. Conclusion The percentage of C-sections has alarmingly increased. Thus, authorities in Indonesia should consider these findings and take necessary steps to decrease C-sections. The results of this study should help policymakers formulate appropriate policies that will encourage regular delivery where most appropriate.

ObjectivesBangladesh has made remarkable progress in improving the population’s health, but maternal health and healthcare facilities are still in a vulnerable situation. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of awareness and visitation of community clinics (CCs) in Bangladesh.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe data were collected from the most recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2017–2018.ParticipantsThis study’s participants are 18 893 women aged 15–49 years throughout all administrative regions.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcomes are awareness and visitation of CCs, defined as if women are aware and visit of CCs.Materials and methodsDescriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate binary logistics analysis were used to determine the prevalence and associated factors of awareness and visitation of CCs.ResultsThe prevalence of awareness and visitation to CCs were 60.26% and 15.92%, respectively. The result of the multivariate analysis revealed that higher education, division and higher number of children were significantly positively associated, whereas the richest wealth index was significantly negatively associated with both awareness and visitation to CCs. Furthermore, the urban residence was negatively and respondent involvement in currently working was positively significantly related to awareness of CCs. Moreover, male household heads and exposure to media were significantly positively related to visitation to CCs.ConclusionThe study result highlights that more than half of the women were aware of CCs however, the CCs’ visit rates were comparatively low. Priority-based public health programmes for women through community health workers are urgently needed to increase the awareness and visitation of CCs.

As coronavirus proliferation and death rates explode across the nation, the globe is on the verge of another health crisis, with daily doses of mental stress and depression among people of all ages. Our study was designed to investigate depression and stress among tertiary level students in Bangladesh during COVID-19 and to explore the influencing factors associated to them. We considered socio-demographics, educational information, financial information, life-style factors, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 etc. Univariate, bi-variate and binary logistic regression analysis was conducted. In our study, 32.6% (n=132) of the respondent were mentally depressed, and 44.9% (n=182) were stressed. Our analysis indicates that students aged more than 25 years, in a relationship, and those who ignored news were more likely to get depressed. Similarly, those who believed to have a hangout effect, ignored news, and spent more than 5 hours online daily were more likely to experience stress. On the other hand, students who are extrovert, participated in extra-curricular activities, did physical activities, meditated/prayed, solved problems, and studied more than 2 hours were less likely to get depressed. Likewise, students who were extrovert participated in physical activities and studied more than 2 hours were less likely to get stressed. We need to address students' mental health issues because of its long-lasting impact on current and future society, and make informed decisions to tackle depression and stress.

Background In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Bangladesh, socioeconomic inequality in access to maternity care remains a substantial public health concern. As there is a paucity of research, we sought to determine the factors affecting the facility delivery, quantify wealth-related inequality, and find potential components that explain the inequality. Methods The current study made use of the most recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2017-18) data. We used logistic regression to examine the associated factors of facility delivery. To examine the inequality in-facility delivery, the concentration curves (CC), concentration index (CIX) and decomposition of CIX techniques were used. Results Women living in the urban area, age at first birth after (18–24 years ≥ 25 years), being Overweight/Obese, having secondary and higher-level education of the women and their husband, seeking four or more ANC, from more affluent households and women with high enlightenment were significant determinants of facility delivery. The concentration curve was below the line of equality, and the relative concentration index (RCIX) was 0.205 (p < 0.001), indicating that facility delivery was disproportionately more prevalent among women from rich groups. The decomposition analysis reveals that wealth status of women (57.40%), age at first birth (10.24%), husband’s education (8.96%), husband’s occupation (7.35%), education of women (7.13%), women’s enlightenment (6.15%), residence (8.64%) and ANC visit (6.84%) are mainly contributed to the inequality in utilizing facility delivery. Conclusion The study demonstrates that there is a certain disparity in the use of facility delivery among women in Bangladesh; hence, immediate action is required to reduce the inequality, with a special emphasis on the contributing factors.

Background In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Bangladesh, socioeconomic inequalities in access to maternity care remain a substantial public health concern. Due to the paucity of research, we attempted to determine the factors affecting the facility delivery, quantify wealth-related inequality, and identify potential components that could explain the inequality. Methods We used the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2017–18) data in this study. We utilized logistic regression to investigate the associated factors of facility delivery. The concentration curves (CC), concentration index (CIX) and decomposition of CIX techniques were used to analyze the inequality in-facility delivery. Results Women living in the urban areas, age at first birth after (18–24 years ≥25 years), being overweight/obese, having secondary and higher-level education of the women and their husband, seeking four or more ANC, coming from more affluent households, and women with high enlightenment were significant determinants of facility delivery. The concentration curve was below the line of equality, and the relative concentration index (CIX) was 0.205 (p <0.001), indicating that women from wealthy groups were disproportionately more prevalent to facility delivery. The decomposition analysis reveals that wealth status of women (57.40%), age at first birth (10.24%), husband’s education (8.96%), husband’s occupation (7.35%), education of women (7.13%), women’s enlightenment (6.15%), residence (8.64%) and ANC visit (6.84%) are the most major contributors to the inequalities in utilizing facility delivery. Conclusion The study demonstrates a clear disparity in the use of facility delivery among Bangladeshi women; hence, immediate action is required to lower the inequalities, with a special emphasis on the contributing factors.

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