The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a popular computing technology paradigm. It is increasingly being utilized to facilitate human life processes through a variety of applications, including smart healthcare, smart grids, smart finance, and smart cities. Scalability, interoperability, security, and privacy, as well as trustworthiness, are all issues that IoT applications face. Blockchain solutions have recently been created to help overcome these difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to provide a survey and tutorial on the use of blockchain in IoT systems. The importance of blockchain technology in terms of features and benefits for constituents of IoT applications is discussed. We propose a blockchain taxonomy for IoT applications based on the most significant factors. In addition, we examine the most widely used blockchain platforms for IoT applications. Furthermore, we discuss how blockchain technology can be used to broaden the spectrum of IoT applications. Besides, we discuss the recent advances and solutions offered for IoT environments. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future research directions of the use of blockchain for the IoT.
Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are designed to safeguard the security needs of enterprise networks against cyber-attacks. However, NIDS networks suffer from several limitations, such as generating a high volume of low-quality alerts. Moreover, 99% of the alerts produced by NIDSs are false positives. As well, the prediction of future actions of an attacker is one of the most important goals here. The study has reviewed the state-of-the-art cyber-attack prediction based on NIDS Intrusion Alert, its models, and limitations. The taxonomy of intrusion alert correlation (AC) is introduced, which includes similarity-based, statistical-based, knowledge-based, and hybrid-based approaches. Moreover, the classification of alert correlation components was also introduced. Alert Correlation Datasets and future research directions are highlighted. The AC receives raw alerts to identify the association between different alerts, linking each alert to its related contextual information and predicting a forthcoming alert/attack. It provides a timely, concise, and high-level view of the network security situation. This review can serve as a benchmark for researchers and industries for Network Intrusion Detection Systems’ future progress and development.
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