This study aims to determine and analyze the factors that influence foreign debt in Indonesia with variables that effect economic growth, inflation, and foreign interest rates. This type of research is associative descriptive research, where the data used is secondary data from 1970 to 2017 obtained from institutions and related institutions, which are analyzed using the Error Correction Model (ECM) method. This study initially used the Ordinary Lest Square (OLS) method to see long-term, and used ECM because it wanted to see short-term at the same time. The findings of this study indicate that economic growth and inflation have a significant effect in the long run, but the interest rates have no significant effect, and in the short term all have a significant effect on foreign debt in Indonesia. Keywords: foreign debt, economic growth, inflation, interest rates and error correction model (ECM)
This study aims to fill the gap of previous research in the form of developing studies between fuel oil consumption, green economic growth and environmental degradation in 6 selected Asia Pacific countries (Australia, China, India, Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand) by considering the determinants during the period 2007-2020 by using a simultaneous panel model approach. The important findings of this study are grouped into 3 analytical models. First, green economic growth, environmental degradation and cleaner energy have a negative effect on fuel oil consumption, while GDP per capita has a positive effect. Second, fuel oil consumption, environmental degradation and militarization have a negative effect on green economic growth, while technological innovation and cleaner energy have a positive effect. Third, green economic growth and cleaner energy have a negative effect on environmental degradation, while fuel oil consumption, health expenditure and poverty have a positive effect. The policy implication that can be applied is to utilize renewable energy such as biofuel oil to implement a clean development mechanism because the increasing demand for fuel oil consumption will result in CO2 emissions which are a factor causing increased environmental degradation and decreased green growth in a country.
This study aims to investigate the influence of environmental and non-environmental factors on tourist satisfaction in halal tourism destinations in West Sumatra. The environmental factor is perceived environmental value. Meanwhile, non-environmental factors are halal-friendly destination performance, sustainability tourism development, and halal destination image. The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 690 respondents who visited halal tourism destinations in West Sumatra. It was analyzed by using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)—Partial Least Square (PLS). The results indicate environmental factors (perceived environmental values) and non-environmental factors (halal-friendly destination performance, sustainable tourism development, and halal destination image influence tourist satisfaction. Moreover, sustainability tourism development mediates the effect of perceived environmental value on tourist satisfaction. However, sustainability tourism development does not mediate the effect of halal-friendly destination performance on tourist satisfaction. Meanwhile, the halal destination image does not moderate the effect of sustainability tourism development on satisfaction. Thus, our research can be used as a reference for tourist destination managers to increase tourist satisfaction by maintaining and managing the tourist destination environment properly.
This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between economic growth, government expenditure and the quality of human resources in West Sumatra. This type of research is descriptive and associative research, where the data used is secondary data in the form of panel data from 2010 to 2017 with the technique of collecting documentation data and literature study obtained from related institutions and institutions. The data analysis used is the data used is descriptive analysis and inductive analysis. In inductive analysis there are several tests, namely: (1) Unit Root Test (2)Cointegration Test (3) Optimal Lag Determination (4) Granger Causality Test (5) PVAR Test. The results of this study indicate that (1) economic growth and government expenditure have a one-way relationship where economic growth affects government spending while government spending does not affect economic growth (2) economic growth and quality of resources humans have a one-way relationship where economic growth affects the quality of human resources and the quality of human resources does not affect economic growth (3) government expenditure and the quality of human resources do not have one-way or two-way relationships ( causality) where government spending does not affect the quality of human resources as well as the quality of human resources does not affect government spending during the study period
This research is motivated by the high level of carbon emission due to the dominance of non-renewable energy consumption in the use of the energy mix. This study aims to fill the gaps in previous research to support global programs in reducing carbon emission by designing scenario through a shift in consumption of non-renewable energy (fuel oil) to renewable energy (biofuel oil) in the Asia Pacific for future periods, including 2023-2030. The basic foundation of this research is the result of panel regression during the period 2006-2021. Furthermore, non-renewable energy consumption was reduced to three categories (pessimistic, moderate and optimistic), then the decrease was substituted for renewable energy so that the community’s energy needs were still met. The important finding from this research is the consumption of renewable energy and green economic growth can reduce carbon emission, while the consumption of non-renewable energy increases carbon emission. In addition, average carbon emission decreased growth in each scenario, including 15% on the pessimistic, 32% on the moderate and 66% on the optimistic. The policy for reducing carbon emission is to strengthen coordination between domestic institutional structures to develop alternative energy and also implement green economy programs in economic activities.
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