ÖzGünümüzde içten yanmalı motorlar otomotiv, denizcilik, havacılık vb. birçok
Öz: Sosyal yaşam için mekân düzenleme çeşitliliklerine alternatif olarak planlanan kafeteryalar, toplumsal hayata sunduğu etkileşim ve iletişim ortamlarıyla önemli katkı sunmaktadır. Her toplumun bulunduğu coğrafya, gündelik yaşam talepleri, kültürel ve sosyal yapıya bağlı olarak biçimlenen kafeler açık ve kapalı mekân alternatifleriyle hemen her yaş grubu için sosyal yaşamımızın her seviyesinde toplumsal yaşamımızın ayrılmaz parçalarıdır. Çalışma konumuz olan kafeteryaların üniversite kampüslerinde pek çok kültür, etnik yapı ve düşünceye sahip genç yaş grubunun sosyal hayatını yakından etkileme kapasitesi nedeniyle incelenmiş olup, Fırat Üniversite kampüsü için projelendirilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Kampüs içinde doğal çevresiyle birlikte tasarlanması gereken gündelik yaşamda etkileşim, karşılaşma ve kaynaşma araçsallarından olan kafeteryaların, kampüsün doğal çevresine saygılı, kampüs kullanıcılarının taleplerini karşılayabilecek proje sunumuyla konuya katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir.Abstract: Cafeterias, planned as an alternative spatial arrangement for social life, make an important contribution to the social life through the interaction and communication environments. The geography of every society, the demands of daily life, the cafes shaped depending on the cultural and social structure are indispensable parts of our social life at every level of our social life for almost every age group with open and closed alternatives. The cafeterias, which are the subject of our study, have been studied and applied for the campus of Firat University because of their capacity to closely affect the social life of the young age group with many cultures, ethnicities and thoughts in the university campuses. In the campus, it is aimed to contribute to the subject with the project presentation which will be able to meet the demands of the campus users.
Although buildings constitute 35% of global energy use and 38% of carbon emissions from energy, the amount of energy and energy-related carbon emissions are increasing rapidly. On the other hand, non-renewable usable energy resources are decreasing on the contrary. New buildings are being built due to the increasing population and the existing building stock not meeting the needs or losing its lifespan. Some of the existing building stock is demolished and renewed for structural reasons and some for reasons such as usage performance. It is possible to reduce both energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions with strategic energy uses in existing building stocks. There are various techniques to measure the maximum performance of sustainable and energy-efficient use of existing building stocks with which changes. Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is one of these techniques that provides wide opportunities to users in recent years, and it is almost a virtual laboratory of structures. Building stocks can be modeled with BIM, and alternative shell and system suggestions can be used to measure how building performance has changed and to achieve the best results. In this research study, improvement scenarios that optimize energy use in existing building stocks are investigated on a sample residential building by using the virtual laboratory facilities of BIM. After measuring the current energy performance of the existing building with BIM tools, 192 alternative results were obtained with 6 variables (external walls, roof, insulation layers, transparent surface materials, lighting, and photovoltaic panels). The obtained alternatives were compared with the current state of the existing building. The material expenditures and amortization periods required for these alternative scenarios are also calculated. The results obtained were evaluated according to annual / lifetime energy consumption, fuel, electricity, initial investment costs, energy use intensity, and carbon emission amounts. With the optimization of the current situation of the sample building, annual fuel consumption decreased by 61% and electricity consumption by 64%. The amortization period of the optimum improvement was determined as 12 years.
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