Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the common autoimmune diseases that affects the central nervous system. It is a chronic neurological disorder that leads to physical inability and cognitive abnormalities that restricts the individual's ability to function independently. The problems of MS patients significantly affect their psychological well-being, also their caregivers. Studies have shown that caregivers of these patients suffer from anxiety, depression and caregiving burden. Considering the problems of MS patients and their caregivers such as problems related to commuting, traffic and long distances to health centers, weather conditions, shortage of time and health costs, the need for remote psychological intervention is necessary. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) via a web conferencing application on reduction of anxiety, depression and burden of caregivers of patients with MS. Methods: This is a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental study with control group. A total of 30 caregivers of female patients with Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) who were members of the MS Society in Tehran and Qom cities in 2017, and had criteria for entering the research were selected through purposeful sampling method. They were randomly divided into test (n=15) and control groups (n=15). Beck anxiety inventory, Beck depression inventory, Caregiver burden inventory, and five-facet mindfulness questionnaire were completed online in three stages (before the intervention, after the intervention, and one-month follow-up after intervention) by two groups. The test group received eight 2-hour sessions of MBI via a web conferencing software while the control group received no intervention. For analyzing the collected data, repeated-measures Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was performed in SPSS V. 23. Results: There was a significant difference in the post-test scores of anxiety and caregiving burden between the two groups. MBI significantly reduced the anxiety, and caregiving burden in the test group. Although the mean score of depression in the post-test decreased in relation to pre-test, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Internet-based MBI is effective in reducing anxiety, depression and burden of the caregivers of MS patients. Therefore, this method of therapy can be applied as an effective method to improve the quality of life and rehabilitate the caregivers of MS patients.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the prevalent autoimmune diseases that affects the central nervous system. It is a chronic neurological disorder that progresses to physical inability and cognitive abnormalities restricting the individual's ability to function independently. The problems of MS patients significantly affect their psychological well-being. Considering the problems of MS patients, like commuting, traffic, and long distances to health centers, weather conditions, and enormous time and costs they spend on seeking health services, remote psychological intervention is an alternative and advisable choice. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) via a web conferencing application on the reduction of anxiety, depression, and fatigue of patients with MS. Methods: This is a pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study with a control group. A total of 30 female patients with relapsing-remitting MS, who met the inclusion criteria were selected through purposeful sampling method from the members of the MS Society in Tehran and Qom cities in 2017. They were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The two groups completed Beck anxiety inventory, Beck depression inventory, and fatigue Inventory online in three stages (before the intervention, after the intervention, and one-month follow-up after intervention). The experimental group received eight 2-h sessions of MBI via a web conferencing software, while the control group received no intervention. For analyzing the collected data, repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was performed in SPSS V. 23. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test scores of anxiety (F=50.277, P≤0.001, η 2 =0.642), depression (F=73.680, P≤0.001, η 2 =0.725), and fatigue (F=111.086, P≤0.001, η 2 =0.799). MBI significantly reduced the anxiety and depression and fatigue in the experimental group. Conclusion: MBI is effective in reducing anxiety, depression, and fatigue of MS patients. This therapy can be applied as an effective method to improve the quality of life of MS patients.
Objective: Educating families and caregivers of schizophrenic patients on controlling and managing the disorder, has found particular importance in clinical psychology. The present study aims to examine the effect of Psychoeducational interventions on illness management in families of schizophrenic patients. Methods:The present study is a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design, and two control groups. The study sample consisted of 30 families with a schizophrenic member. The families were selected from referrals to a psychiatric center in Tehran (during a period of 40 days) who met the inclusion criteria, and were randomly placed into three groups: an experimental group, a control group with placebo, and a control group without placebo (10 persons in each group). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The experimental group received trainings (a training package) and attended a group discussion on schizophrenia. The placebo group attended similar meetings, but without educational content and group discussion, and the second control group were only assessed in the pretest and posttest. After finishing the training sessions, and following an interval of 3 months, the posttest was conducted for each group. The study data were analyzed using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). All statistics were carried out using SPSS software, version 11.Results: According to the results, the experimental group had significantly higher gain scores (α≤0.05) than the two control groups, on the following variables: an increase in the adaptability of the patient in daily functioning, from the viewpoint of both a clinical psychologist and the patient's family, an increase in the family's knowledge of the illness, and a reduction in the adverse effects of the illness on the family's feeling and attitude. Conclusion:The present study showed that family education is effective in increasing patients' adaptability and patients' family knowledge, and in reducing the adverse effects of the illness.
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