In this article, a novel printed monopole antenna for ultra wideband applications with variable frequency band‐notch characteristic is presented.The proposed antenna consists of an E‐shaped radiating patch with two L‐shaped arms and a T‐shaped arm which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 130% (2.9–14 GHz). By inserting two modified L‐shaped arms with variable dimensions on the E‐shaped radiating patch frequency band‐stop performance is generated and also by inserting T‐shaped arm this performance is improved. We can control band‐stop performance characteristics such as band‐notch frequency and its bandwidth. The designed antenna has a small size of 10 × 17 mm2 while showing the band rejection performance in the frequency band of 5.01–5.98 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:267–271, 2012 View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26487
Abstract. Background: Examining the premature death rate represents the first step in estimating the overall burden of disease, reflecting a full picture of how different causes affect population health and providing a way of monitoring and evaluating population health. Aims: This study was conducted to assess the burden of premature mortality from suicides in West Azerbaijan Province, northwest of Iran from 2014 to 2016. Method: To calculate years of potential life lost (YPLL), we categorized all methods of suicide, then we subtracted actual age at death by suicide from the relevant age-based life table produced by the World Health Organization in 2015, after which we added the results for each type of suicide in a particular year. Results: We analyzed 638 suicides. Overall, during the 3-year study period for both sexes, the greatest sources of premature death among all methods of suicide were: hanging, strangulation, and suffocation (X70); smoke, fire, and flames (X76); and poisoning by narcotics and psychodysleptics (X62). Limitations: Limitations of the study include a lack of accurate, systematic recording and reporting of all cases of suicide, which might lead to measurement bias. Conclusion: This study identified and highlighted the most common methods of suicide in West Azerbaijan.
Because of the undesirable effects of lead on soil properties and human health, evaluation of its remediation methods seems to be essential. In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid (HA) on the decontamination of lead (Pb) spikedsoils in the presence of wormwood plant (Artemicia absantium), an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Experiment factors including different concentrations of Pb (Pb(NO3)2 in the solid form) (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1) and levels of HA (0, 100 and 200 mg kg-1) were considered. At the end of the growing period of plants, some soil and plant properties were measured. According to the results, BR, MBC, root and shoot dry weights, RWC and Fe and Zn concentrations in the shoot were decreased by increasing the soil Pb concentration. So, the mean values of BR and MBC in Pb1000 treatment was 60 and 51.1 percent lower than those of Pb0, respectively. Pb accumulation in the root and shoot was enhanced as a result of the increase in the soil Pb concentration. The maximum Pb concentration of shoot (37.10 mg kg-1) and root (38.1 mg kg-1) was seen in the Pb1000 treatment. Also, the results suggested that humic acid had a positive effect on the shoot of Fe, Zn and Pb concentrations. So, the concentration of these elements in HA200 treatment showed an increase 1.25, 1.64 and 1.66 times more than that of HA0, respectively. Leaf proline amount was increased significantly by elevating the soil Pb concentration; however, application of 200 mg kg-1 humic acid decreased leaf proline by 54.5 percent, as compared to the control (HA0). Therefore, humic acid effect on increasing the plant Pb uptake, improving soil biological properties, and increasing availability and dissolution of Pb showed its ability in promoting the phytoremediation efficiency. According to the obtained results of this study, woodwarm plant (Artemicia absantium) is a non-accumulator that could not be used for phytoremediation purposes.
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