The aim of this study is to determine the levels of digital citizenship and social presence of the graduate students having distance education and to reveal the relationship between these two variables. The research was carried out with 50 women (35%) and 93 men (65%) graduate students enrolled in distance education master programs of Karadeniz Technical University. Individual Information Form, Social Presence Scale and Digital Citizenship Scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used in the study to determine the levels of digital citizenship and social presence of the students. Correlation analysis for the relationship between variables and linear regression for the predictive power were used. The results indicated that graduate students enrolled in distance education master programs had high levels in digital citizenship and social presence. Furthermore, the mentioned levels were comprehended to have significant and positive relationship among themselves. While the levels of digital citizenship and social presence didn't differentiate significantly in terms of gender, social presence levels differentiated in favour of Educational Sciences Insitute. Also the level of social presence for the graduate students was concluded to be significantly predictive for digital citizenship level.
The effects of ZnO addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the YBCO have been investigated through XRD, SEM, EDX, ac susceptibility measurements and the standard Vickers microhardness testing method. We have prepared the samples by a conventional solid-state reaction method and used an additive method for the YBCO system (0, 0.5 and 1 wt% of ZnO). The orthorhombic strain ∆ = (b -a)/(b + a) increases as the Zn content increases, where a and b are the relevant lattice parameters of the samples. The superconducting transition temperatures and hardness depend on the Zn content of the samples. The hardness is found to be load dependent. From the relation between applied load F and the square of the impression diagonal, d 2 , the true hardness, H 0 , and the dissipative portion of the indentation load F 0 , were derived from the slope and the intercept (at d 2 = 0) of the straight line, respectively. The hardness was increased while the transition temperature decreased with the amount of ZnO addition to YBCO.
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