Background With increasing cancer incidence and decreasing cancer mortality, there is a growing need for a valid and culturally adapted tool to measure health-related quality of life in children with cancer. This study validated the DISABKIDS Chronic Generic Module (DCGM-37) in Chinese children and adolescents with cancer. Methods The DCGM-37 was translated and adapted for use in China following the guidelines from its copyright holders. In total, 140 children and adolescents with cancer and their guardians were included in this cross-sectional study. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Convergent validity was examined using Pearson correlation between the DCGM-37 and the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale. Dimensionality was clarified using exploratory factor analysis. Discriminant validity was evaluated by comparing DCGM-37 scores by sex, age, family income, and clinical characteristics. Results Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.91) and test–retest reliability were good (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.73–0.94). Strong correlations between the DCGM-37 and the PedsQL 4.0 (r = 0.83) suggest good convergent validity. Six factors explained 51.94% of the total variance. Children with leukemia scored higher than those with sarcoma in all subscales (effect size ranged from 0.39 to 0.83), especially the “social exclusion” subscales (effect size 0.83). Small to moderate differences (effect size ranged from 0.38 to 0.58) were observed by sex, age, and family income. Neither floor nor ceiling effects were observed. Conclusion The DCGM-37 is reliable and valid for measuring health-related quality of life in Chinese children and adolescents with cancer.
Background International attention is being paid to the issue of making evidence sustainable after implementation. Developing an identification model is essential to promote and monitor the sustainability of evidence implementation. However, this model is not available in Chinese. This study aims to translate the National Health Service Sustainability Model into Chinese and to verify whether the model is adapted to the Chinese healthcare environment. Methods This study follows the translation and validation guidelines developed by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat. The translations include forward and backward translations and their comparison. Expert reviews were used to validate the content validity of the Chinese version of the National Health Service sustainability model. Cognitive interviews were used to assess the validity of the language in the Chinese setting. Results The translation was conducted by a bilingual research team and took 12 months. Expert reviews were undertaken with eight experts, and cognitive interviews with six participants. The content validity of the model is excellent, but at least 20% of the experts still felt that items one, three, five and nine needed refinements. In the cognitive interviews, most items, instructions and response options were well understood by the participants responsible for the evidence-based practice project. However, some language issues were still identified in items one, three, four, five, seven, nine, and ten. Participants reported that the sustainability results of the model assessment were consistent with their previous judgments of the items. Based on the expert review and interview results, items one, three, four, five, seven, nine and ten require further refinement. In summary, seven of the ten items have been amended. Conclusions This study provides insight into how the National Health Service sustainability model can be used in the Chinese healthcare setting and paves the way for future large-scale psychometric testing.
Background: With the slightly increasing of cancer incidence rate and the decreasing of cancer mortality, there is an increasing need for a valid and culturally adapted tool to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with cancer. This study validated the DISABKIDS Chronic Generic Module (DCGM-37) in Chinese children and adolescents with cancer.Methods: The DCGM-37 was translated and culturally adapted according to the guidelines from its copyright holders. In total, 140 children and adolescents with cancer and their guardians were included in this cross-sectional study. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Convergent validity was examined using Pearson correlation between the DCGM-37 and the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale. Dimensionality was clarified using exploratory factor analysis. Discriminant validity was evaluated by comparing DCGM-37 scores across gender, age, family income, and clinical characteristics.Results: Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.91) and test-retest reliability proved good (ICC 0.87, 95%CI 0.73-0.94). Strong correlations between the DCGM-37 and the PedsQL 4.0 (r= 0.83) support good convergent validity. Six factors explained 51.94% of the total variances. Children with leukemia scored higher than those with sarcoma in all subscales (effect size ranged from 0.39 to 0.83), especially the “social exclusion” subscales (effect size 0.83). Small to moderate differences (effect size ranged from 0.38 to 0.58) were observed across gender, age, and family income. Neither floor nor ceiling effect was observed.Conclusion: The DCGM-37 is reliable and valid for measuring HRQoL in Chinese children and adolescents with cancer.
Purpose: To develop a simplified Chinese version of the DISABKIDS chronic generic module-37 (DCGM-37), and to test the translated measures in children with cancer by employing a cognitive interviewing technique. Design and Methods:The English version of DCGM-37 was translated forward and backward into simplified Chinese by bilingual translators, following the guidelines from its copyright holders, which also involved a cultural adaptation component.Twelve Chinese children aged 8-18 years and eight parents were cognitively interviewed. Results:The findings support the relevance, comprehensibility, and efficacy of the Chinese version. Consideration was given, and improvements were made, to the language, cultural concerns, and content, which improved functionality and increased validation. The patients/caregivers understood the instructions, questions, and answer choices. Some revisions, however, were made to address patient/ caregiver feedback obtained through cognitive interviews. Conceptually and semantically, the simplified Chinese version of the DCGM-37 version was identical to the original. Conclusions The simplified Chinese version of the DCGM-37 was semantically and conceptually equivalent to the English version. Chinese children aged 8 to 18 years were able to comprehend this instrument. Conclusions:The simplified Chinese version of the DCGM-37 was semantically and conceptually equivalent to the English version. Chinese children aged 8 to 18 years were able to comprehend this instrument and express their experiences and feelings about their life.Practice Implications: The simplified Chinese version of the DCGM-37 was translated, and cross-cultural adaptation and validation were performed. Chinese children found the tool easy to use and were able to express their experiences and feelings about their health-related quality of life.
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