Background: Budesonide was effective in treating and keeping short-term remission with a fewer steroidspecific side effects in contrast to prednisone. Contradicting outcomes were detailed on the efficiency of budesonide in the management of Autoimmune Hepatitis. This review aiming at evaluating the use of budesonide for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE using these keywords steroids, autoimmune, liver, effectiveness, and side effects. The search was limited to clinical setting which resulted in 24 clinical studies. Results: The total number of AIH patients included in this review were 386 of which 304 females (78.7%), the sample size ranged from 9 patients to 207 and the mean age ranged from 13 years in to 54. Concerning the efficacy of Budesonide, it ranged from 15% to 78% as the end points were different among the included studies. Regarding the tolerability and side effects like Moon faces or cushingoid features, acne, heartburn, hirsutism, alopecia, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus and easy bruising. Side effects reported in X studies and the incidence ranged from 28% to 56%. Conclusion: Budesonide could be a promising treatment option especially in patients prone to corticosteroid side effects like elderly individuals and postmenopausal women with high risk for osteoporosis or children with risk for impaired growth.
Background: unforeseen events, such as a pandemic crisis, and disasters sometimes spontaneously arise in the healthcare organization. While it is recommended that the management should formulate robust plans in readiness for such crises, there is little evidence on the current preparedness of the strategic human resource management in the crisis preparedness in Saudi Arabia. Purpose: this research was conducted to analyze the role and preparedness of strategic human resource planning in the crisis management in Saudi Arabia. Methods: quantitative cross-sectional research was conducted in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected from a sample of 68 participants, who were healthcare workers in different occupations, including doctors, nurses, receptionists, management and risk management. the questionnaire used in data collection was adapted from a previous research study. The analysis of data was then performed using the descriptive statistics of SPSS for evidence-based conclusion. Results: this study noted that most of the healthcare service providers through the strategic human resource management mostly read the emergency response plan for strategic crises management annually (71%) and 29.41% never read them at all. However, 91% have an emergency response plan crises management, and 60.29% have a summarized version of the risk management. It was also established that 38.23% of the healthcare workers participate in the collective training with the local authorities annually and 79.41% do update their contact details for easy access. Conclusion: overall, the preparedness of the strategic HRM in healthcare organizations to deal with crisis varies from case to case. Nevertheless, there is a need for improving the healthcare crisis preparedness among the human resource management in Saudi Arabia.
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