Aims: Organ toxicity results from the accumulation of toxic substances in the organs which ultimately culminates in failure of the organ. Allopathic medications are not very effective in organ protection. Hence, it is imperative that a natural and safer organoprotective agent should be found. Study Design: To assess the organoprotective effect of Aloe vera gel against STZ for renal, hepato and pancreatic toxicity in albino Wistar rats. Place and Duration of Study: Whole work had been completed at the Microbiology and Molecular biology labs of IMBB, The University of Lahore during 2019- 2020. Methodology: Organoprotective ability of different doses of ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera (A. vera) gel was evaluated against intraperitoneal induction of 55mg/kg Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic, renal and hepatic toxicity in female albino Wistar rats by keeping metformin (100mg/kg) as a positive protective control. Results: Results revealed that 200 mg/kg ethanolic extracts of A. vera gel showed significant organoprotection as ALT (57.5±7.45I U/L), AST (39.8±3.45I U/L), ALP (438±103I U/L), urea (74.1±8.71mg/dl), creatinine (0.688±0.146 mg/dl), amylase (1247±75 U/L) and lipase (16.6±2.02 U/L) were significantly less than organotoxic control [ALT (103±7.23I U/L), AST (237±12.7I U/L), ALP (2092±195 U/L), Urea (153±18.6mg/dl), Creatinine (1.54±0.262 mg/dl), amylase (675±83 U/L) and lipase (12.2±1.04 U/L)], and these results were near or equal to organoprotective control [ALT (71.6±8.98I U/L), AST (121±28.1 U/L), ALP (916±103 U/L), urea (115±11.4mg/dl), creatinine (1.14±0.226 mg/dl), amylase (667±80 U/L) and lipase (16.6±2.02 U/L)]. The histopathological analysis also highlighted more organoprotection at this concentration as compared to other doses of extract. Conclusion: A. vera gel extract is an able organoprotective agent. This extract can be studied further for its active ingredients as a source of hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agents.
The aims and objectives of this study were to observe the physiological and biochemical changes in hypertensive diabetic patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Dehydration and hypertension in diabetic patients may cause severe diabetic ketoacidosis. A remarkable significant(p<0.05) changes of random blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, urine ketone and dehydration levels in Group B and Group C were observed as compared to Group A. Keywords: Diabetic ketoacidosis, Dehydration, Hypertension systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Ketone bodies
Aims and objectives: Current study was designed to investigate the effects of two weight reducing drugs i.e. Slim Smart and Ultra-Slim Plus on kidneys and renal function. Experimental Study: This study was conducted in the Experimental Institute (Animal House) of The University of Lahore, Anatomy departments and Biochemistry department from November 2021 to May 2022. A total 25 adult male albino rat were collected and divided them into three different groups. Plain distilled water, Slim Smart and Ultra Slim plus were used in glass bottles. Under an anatomical microscope, the TA index was used to quantify interstitial fibrosis, glomerular hyalinization, vascular alterations, and tubular atrophy. Cell infiltration was computed as a percentage of inflammatory cells / HPF, and the cortical medulla ratio (C / M) was also calculated. SPSS version 20 was used to gather and analyze the raw data. One-way ANOVA was used to compare groups for quantitative variables such as renal cell infiltration. Group (mean ± standard) error was used for this analysis. Post-tacky tests were also used for cortical medullary ratios and (p< 0.05) was considered important. Results: Sections of Albino Rate kidney stained with H&E and PAS and examined histologically revealed mesangial cellular hypertrophy, thickened vascular walls, and lymphocyte infiltration. The results of group-A and group-C were significant but in group-B much inflammation was seen. A slightly significant changes (p< 0.05) were seen in serum creatinine and blood urea levels in different groups. Conclusion: Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus induce mesangial hyper cellularity and lymphocyte infiltration, as well as thickening of blood vessel walls. These alterations are consistent with interstitial nephritis, thus individuals with renal problems should use these medications with care. Keywords: Slim Smart, Ultra Slim Plus, Mesangial hyper cellularity, Lymphocyte infiltration, Nephrotoxicity
Hypothesis: The active anti-carcinogenic compound of Curcuma longa a member of ginger family is curcumin which inhabit the growth of tumor in breast cancer. Aims and objectives: The aims and objectives of present study were to determine the clinical and preclinical effects of curcumin against breast cancer. Materials and Methods: 100 women patients with grade- I and grade-II breast cancer were treated with 10g/day curcumin powder orally for six months. The tumor markers such as CA 15-3, CA 27.29, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 125 were measured from blood serum of each patient. Conclusion: In the present study it was concluded that a significant changes (p<0.05) come out after 6 month in blood serum levels of 10mg/day oral curcumin treated group-B and group–D as compared to group-A and group-C regarding tumor markers such as CA 15-3, CA 27.29, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 125. Keywords: Curcuma longa, Breast cancer, Carcinoembryonic antigen, Tumor markers, Curcumin
Aims: The membrane associated tyrosinase is an enzymatically active monomeric glycoprotein which is purified to only a low degree. It has gained importance in the present era due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties as well as applications in industry. Moreover its role in the synthesis of melanin in skin for protection from UV radiations also paved the way towards the better understanding of this enzyme. Study Design: Biochemical and molecular characterization of tyrosinase producing soil bacterium had been followed by the assessment of its antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-cancer activities. Place and Duration of Study: Whole work had been completed at the Microbiology and Molecular biology labs of IMBB during 2018- 2019. Methodology: Tyrosinase producing species were identified by biochemical characterization followed by their genomic DNA sequencing and BLAST analysis while crude tyrosinase was characterized by Bradford's methods, tyrosinase activity and total protein activity, followed by their molecular characterization on SDS-PAGE. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of tyrosinase were evaluated via DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays and cell proliferation inhibition and the cytotoxicity was calculated via antitumor and MTT assays. Results: P. putida, B. cereus, B. mycoides, M. luteus, K. pneumonia were found to be tyrosinase producing species while their SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular mass of crude tyrosinase was about 39 kDa. Protein contents, total tyrosinase and specific tyrosinase activity was found to be highest in tyrosinase from B. mycoides [0.008±0.06 mg/ml, 1500±0.06 U/ml and 346820.8±0.03 U/mg of tyrosinase respectively]. The results of biological activities of crude tyrosinase vary from bacteria to bacteria. Tyrosinase from P. putida showed higher antioxidant [66.4±0.01% in DPPH assay, 32.04±0.06%in ABTS assay and 320.6±0.06 in FRAP assay], antitumor [67.8±0.01%] and cytotoxic activity [39±1.0% cell viability], followed by B. Cereus tyrosinase [64.7±0.06% antioxidant power in DPPH assay, 53.41±0.03% in ABTS assay and 159.6±0.06% in FRAP assay, 46.46±0.01% antitumor and 43±0.75% cell viability]. Conclusion: The study revealed that tyrosinase isolated from different bacterial strains depicted optimal percentage of anti-oxidative, anti-proliferative and cellular viability and can be used in the near future for medical and industrial purposes.
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