Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide and remains a vital cause of chronic hepatitis. This study was aimed to detect the prevalence of HCV infection among Iraqi people. Four subjects of hemodialysis (HD) patients, thalassemia patients, blood donors and medical staff were enrolled in this study and evaluated for their serum anti-HCV-immunoglobulin G (IgG)-antibodies (Abs). The total frequency % of IgG anti-HCV Abs positivity was 3.2%, in which the highest frequency % was recorded among thalassemia patients followed by HD patients and then medical staff subjects, whereas the lowest frequency rate was reported within blood donors group. The frequencies of IgG anti-HCV Abs positivity were significantly elevated in males compared to females. For age groups, the results revealed higher infection rate of HCV among age group of 1-20 year followed by the age group of 21-40 year and then age group of 41-60 year, whereas the lowest rate of infection was recorded in age group >60 year. In conclusions, the prevalence rate of HCV infection among Iraqi people is similar to those in most of Asian and non-Asian studied populations and the infection rate was higher in males and inversely correlated with age of the patients. Blood transfusion, renal dialysis and health care workers (HCWs) were major sources of HCV infection. Thus, we recommend continuing surveillance of blood donors, HCWs and patients, in addition to HCV markers screening by molecular technique for the diagnosis of HCV during the window period in order to decrease the prevalence of HCV infection.
The enhanced body activities after taking the nutritional addendum by athletes were observed via fluctuation in the clinical biomarkers. There are some previous evidences recorded that the nutritional supplements have a benefit and side influences, hence current paper was aimed to determine the potential influences of nutritional support compounds on biochemical parameters and kidneys damage among bodybuilders people. Two subjects of sportsmen bodybuilders; first group not take the nutritional supplements (control group), whereas the second group take the nutritional supplements (users group) were included within current study and screened for their serological level of creatinine, urea, total protein and albumin with measuring urine total protein and pH. The results showed that the mean titer of serum creatinine, serum albumin and urine total protein were significantly higher among users group compared to control group, whereas the level of serum urea, serum total protein and urine pH revealed non-significant different between both groups. For subjects aware to the risks and side effects of taking the nutritional supplements, the users group exhibited a significant higher frequency % of unaware to the risks in comparison to control group. In denouement, there is prodromal defect in the kidneys of the nutritional supplements consumers, confirmed by serum creatinine, serum albumin and urine total protein increase. Many of nutritional supplements users not have enough information about the consequences and side effects of the decompounds hence exercising related with abuse of it without consulting a dietitian may be hazardous.
Background: Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health issue worldwide and remains a vital etiology of long-term hepatitis. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of HCV infection among Iraqi people. This research was proposed to detect the frequency of HCV infection in renal failure patients, thalassemia patients, blood donors, and Iraqi medical staff. Such prevalence potentially could assist in the development of a preventive program for this infection and orient future studies. Methods and Results: Cross-sectional research was conducted in Thi-Qar Province (Iraq). The enrolled 1650 individuals (1180 males and 470 females, age range of 1-85 years) were classified into four study groups. Group 1 included 120 patients with renal failure, Group 2 included 220 patients suffering from thalassemia, Group 3 included 1259 blood donor subjects, and Group 4 included 51 subjects from the medical staff. Serum anti-HCV-IgG-Abs were detected qualitatively by a human HCV-IgG-ELISA Kit (MyBioSource, USA). The findings revealed that out of 1650 subjects, only 53(3.2%) were infected with HCV. The highest prevalence was reported among thalassemia patients 34/220(15.45%), followed by renal failure patients 8/120(6.66%) and then the medical staff group 3/51(5.88%), whereas the lowest prevalence was reported among the blood donor group 8/1259(0.64%). The total infection rate of HCV was higher among males [33/53(62.3%)] than females [20/53(37.7%)], with significant differences (P<0.05). We found a significant difference in HCV infection rate according to the age range of the study subjects (P<0.05). The higher infection percentages of 29/53(54.7%) and 15/53(28.3%) were found in age groups of 1-20 years and 21-40 years, respectively, followed by the age group of 41-60 years, which had infection percentages of 7/53(13.2%), while the lowest infection rate was reported in the age group of more than 60 years, which was 2/53(3.8%). Conclusion: The frequency rate of HCV infection among Iraqi people is similar to those in most Asian and non-Asian studied populations, and the infection rate was higher in males and inversely correlated with the age of the subjects. The main routes of HCV infection were blood transfusions, renal dialysis, and HCWs. Thalassemic and hemodialysis patients were potentially vulnerable to HCV infection. Effective screening methods and blood donor screening protocols are likely required to prevent the spread of HCV infection.
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a multiflagellated, spiral-shaped, Gram-negative, microaerophilic, slowgrowing bacteria and extremely mobile which colonizes the stomach mucosa of a human where it causes a long-lasting infection which consistent with either acute or chronic stomach inflammation. Current study was aimed to evaluate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and selenium (Se) levels in the serum of H. pylori infected individuals and to elucidate the relationship between the two biomarkers. Methods: Two study groups were enrolled in a current case control study; first group was included fifty five subjects with H. pylori infection which considered as H. pylori-associated patients (HPP), and the second group included thirty five apparently healthy subjects as healthy control (HC). Subjects were selected during the period between November 2021 and June 2022 after stringent application of the eligibility criteria. The HPP group subjects were underwent endoscopy and stool antigen test (SAT) and then both study groups subjects were evaluated for their serum anti-H. pylori antibodies (Abs), TAC and Se. Results: The findings revealed a significantly lower serum TAC and Se in HPP group in comparison with HC group. Serum immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) anti-H. pylori Abs was positively correlated with serum TAC in both study groups and negatively correlated with serum Se in HPP group. Serum TAC and Se levels were inversely correlated in both study groups. Conclusions: Oxidative stress (OS) was correlated with H. pylori infection with considerably reduced serum TAC and Se levels in HPP compared with HC, thereof these biomarkers may play particular roles in the pathophysiology, 4209 development, and flow up of the diseases which may be uses as supplements to improve the OS status of patients.
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