This review examines the issue of whether individual intelligence tests such as the WISC-R are biased against Hispanic school-aged children. Three common but faulty notions of test bias are discussed, and a psychometric definition of bias is advanced. Evidence regarding external and internal validity is analyzed. Guidelines for the intellectual assessment of bilingual students are presented, following a discussion of possible language bias.

No abstract

This paper considers two major problems related to the Identification of learning disabilities with individually administered achievement tests: the appropriateness of standard versus developmental scores for determining severity of discrepancy and the limitations of existing developmental score scales. The paper also examines the characteristics of the developmental score scales of individualized achievement tests commonly used to evaluate learning disabilities.

ISBN 0-88422-103-2) is a book for practitioners and advanced graduate students preparing to become psychologists, counselors, social workers, and special education teachers who have to cope with depression in disturbed youth.

This study explored the rates of grade retention among children with undiagnosed learning disabilities. During the 1990–91 school year, data were collected on 344 Michigan students who were referred for special‐education evaluation due to learning problems. Of the 201 students determined to possess a learning disability (LD), 71.6% had been retained at least once before they were referred for special‐education evaluation. Minority and urban LD students were more apt to be retained before being referred for evaluation. Retained LD students were usually one year older than nonretained LD students at the time of special‐education referral. Although retention among LD students did not appear to be related to gender or grade placement, retained LD students generally exhibited lower levels of intelligence and weaker skills in reading comprehension, writing, and math at the time of their referral. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.