The synthesis of hexahydrooxoepithiopyridinedicarboxyimide (5: X2 = N‐Ph) by the reaction of thioamides 1 with N‐substituted maleimide (2a) was examined. The reaction of primary thioamides, such as thiobenzamide and p‐toluthioamide with N‐phenylmaleimide gives compounds 5 together with corresponding 4‐hydroxy‐1,3‐thiazoles 4. However, a similar reaction of secondary thioamides, such as N‐methylthioacetamide, thiobenzanilide, with N‐phenylmaleimide did not provide compounds 5 without addition of acid. The reaction pathway and the configuration of 5 were also investigated.
Various tactile methods, such as
Braille, have been employed to enhance the recognition ability of
chemical structures by individuals with visual disabilities. However,
it is unknown whether reading aloud the names of chemical compounds
would be effective in this regard. There are no systems currently
available using an audio component to assist in the recognition of
chemical structures. This study aims to establish the essential requirements
for the prototype Chemical Literature Extraction and Aloud-reading
System (CLeArS) that enables visually impaired people to recognize
a depicted chemical structure after hearing its name, which complies
with the nomenclature adopted by the International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry. Details of the methods employed in CLeArS and its
execution are presented, in addition to the fundamental requirements
for recognizing chemical structures using CLeArS. Experimental results
on 450 images comprising both simple and complex chemical structures
show a high recognition rate of 90% among subjects with visual disabilities.
Thus, we conclude that reading aloud the names of chemical compounds
is an effective method enabling students with impaired vision to recognize
chemical structures.
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