Photoreduction of CO2 catalysed by metal complexes successfully took place in various ionic liquids with relatively high durability.

A simple N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand linked to a flexible propylene linker allows the formation of “Cu–Cu”- and “2 Cu”-type geometries inside a molecular framework. The incorporation of two Cu(I)...

IntroductionCyclodextrin CD is a cyclic oligosaccharide that typically consists of six, seven or eight glucose residues linked by an α-1,4 glycosidic bond 1 3 . Because of the presence of a hydrophobic internal cavity, CDs form inclusion complexes with vitamin E α -tocopherol; Toc , a representative lipophilic anti-oxidant in nature 4 7 . Toc, which comprises a chromanol head and a phytyl tail, is known to interfere with one or more propagation steps of the lipid peroxidation process 8 11 , and its complexation or encapsulation with CDs has been widely studied to expand its applicability in water-mixed systems 7, 12 20 .