The number of genome equivalents of DNA per cell of M. radiodurans changed from approximately 5 to 10 depending on the media used. The sensitivity to ultraviolet light or gamma-rays was not different between the cells with different genome multiplicity. This suggests that the efficient repair process for DNA damage expressed in M. radiodurans is not influenced by the multiplicity of genomes in a cell.

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The established spin splitting in a monolayer (ML) of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) induced by inversion symmetry breaking is dictated by mirror symmetry operations to exhibit the fully out-of-plane direction of spin polarization. Through first-principles density functional theory calculations, we show that polarity inducing mirror symmetry breaking leads to sizable spin splitting having in-plane spin polarization. These splittings are effectively controlled by tuning the polarity using biaxial strain. Furthermore, admixtures between the out-of-plane and in-plane spin-polarized states in the strained polar systems are identified, which are expected to influence the spin relaxation through the Dyakonov–Perel mechanism. Our study clarified that polarity plays an important role in controlling the spin splitting and spin relaxation in the TMD ML, which is useful for designing future spintronic devices.

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We report our investigation of roles of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a high-performance capping agent in synthesizing silver nanowires (AgNWs) using polyol method. For this purpose, we varied the concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3), from 0.3 M to 1.0 M, and molar ratios of [PVA:AgNO3] from 2 to 6. The UV-vis spectra show the AgNWs growth optimally at a molar ratio of 4.5 with the absorbance peaks of 378 nm and 380 nm. Meanwhile, from XRD patterns, it was found that the crystal structure of the AgNWs can be identified as a face-centered cubic (fcc) with a lattice constant according to the spacing distance between the {111} planes of 4.087 Å. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy TEM images show the diameter and length of the AgNRs are 150 to 230 nm and 50 to 120 µm, respectively. These results show that the AgNWs synthesized using PVA having a long size.