No abstract

Background and Purpose-After cerebral vessel blockage, local blood flow and O 2 consumption becomes lower and oxygen extraction increases. With reperfusion, blood flow is partially restored. We examined the effects of ischemia-reperfusion on the heterogeneity of local venous oxygen saturation in rats in order to determine the pattern of microregional O 2 supply/consumption balance in reperfusion. Methods-The middle cerebral artery was blocked for 1 hour using the internal carotid approach in 1 group (n=9) and was then reperfused for 2 hours in another group (n=9) of isoflurane-anesthetized rats. Regional cerebral blood flow was determined using a C 14 -iodoantipyrine autoradiographic technique. Regional small vessel arterial and venous oxygen saturations were determined microspectrophotometrically. Results-After 1 hour of ischemia, local cerebral blood flow (92±10 versus 50±10 mL/min per 100 g) and O 2 consumption (4.5±0.6 versus 2.7±0.5 mL O 2 /min per 100 g) decreased compared with the contralateral cortex. Oxygen extraction increased (4.7±0.2 versus 5.4±0.3 mL O 2 /100 mL) and the variation in small vein (20-60 μm) O 2 saturation as determined by its coefficient of variation (=100×SD/mean) increased (5.5 versus 10.5). With 2 hours of reperfusion, the blood flow decrement was reduced and O 2 consumption returned to the value in the contralateral cortex. Oxygen extraction remained elevated in the ischemic-reperfused area and the coefficient of variation of small vein O 2 saturation increased further (17.3). Conclusions-These

A contribution of crystal structure, mechanical moduli, and macroscopic compression properties of flufenamic acid (FFA) and its cocrystal with nicotinamide (NIC) was evaluated to predict their compaction performance. The FFA:NIC cocrystal formation was confirmed using differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. FFA:NIC compaction performance was compared with its coformers. Attachment energies (E att) with lowest absolute energy slip planes were calculated from reported crystal structures. Powder Brillouin light scattering was used to measure the mechanical moduli, while macroscopic compression performance was evaluated with “in-die” Heckel and compression energy descriptors. The absolute E att were found in the following ascending order: NIC < FFA:NIC < FFA. These materials can be arranged with their increased stiffness as FFA < FFA:NIC < NIC based on their elastic moduli. A relatively soft and elastic FFA showed highest compressibility but poor tabletability confirmed with low elastic yield pressure (YP). A stiff and brittle NIC exhibited lowest compressibility substantiated with high plastic and elastic YP. However, engineered FFA:NIC displayed an intermediate compressibility but better tabletability. An addition of stiff NIC seems to transform elastic FFA into bond-favoring plastic material, corroborated by low YP of plastic and elastic recovery. Thus, evaluated structure–mechanics relationship can be used to understand and subsequently predict the macroscopic tableting performance of the materials in early development stage.

Patients with thinner corneas initially present with a greater visual field defect, indicating that thin corneas may contribute to advanced glaucomatous damage at the time of diagnosis. However, CCT does not seem to be a significant risk factor for progression of the disease.

We have previously described a 40 kDa colonic protein(s) which is specifically recognised by tissue-bound immunoglobulin G obtained from the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis. We now report the presence of circulating antibodies against this antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a highly enriched preparation of the 40