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One of the assumptions of the triadic reciprocal model is that the dynamic relationships between internal factors and environmental contexts may have a reciprocal influence on behaviour. Based on this assumption, this study examined whether callous-unemotional traits mediate the relationship between family competence and bullying among 256 selected senior secondary pupils (age = 14–16; M  = 15.5, SD  = 5.4; boys = 131 and girls = 125). Three self-report scales were used to collect data for bullying, family competence, and callous-unemotional traits. Mediated multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses. The result showed that callous-unemotional traits and family competence have a positive and negative linear relationship with bullying, respectively, B  = 0.13 and −0.20, p  < .01. Similarly, the indirect effect of family competence on bullying through callous-unemotional traits was significant, B = 0.04, p < .05. This indicated that callous-unemotional traits could regulate the effect of family competence on bullying. The results may have implications for understanding, planning, and designing programmes for preventing and intervention of school bullying.

Purpose: Psychological health has been reported as an important factor influencing individual’s various behaviors, activities, happiness and performance. This study examined burden of care, social support and emotional intelligence among caregivers of mentally ill patients as correlates of psychological health Materials and Methods: The research sample included two hundred (200) caregivers that were selected from the Federal Neuro-psychiatric hospital Yaba, Nigeia, using simple random sampling. They were individually administered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), emotional intelligence scale (EI) and General Health Questionnaire. The study adopted a correlational design. A multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Four hypotheses were tested using statistical package for social sciences version 23. Findings: The results indicate that there was significant inverse relationship between burden of care and psychological health (r= -.643, df = 200, p<.01). Also, there was positive significant relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological health (r= .172, df = 200, p<.05). There was significant positive relationship between social support and psychological health (r= .322, df = 200, p<.01). Finally, caregivers’ burden of care, emotional intelligence and perceived social support jointly predicted psychological health (R2 = 0.44, F (3,196) = 51.63, p < .01). Burden of care (β = -.595, t=-10.64, p<.05) and perceived social support (β = .210, t=2.39, p<.05) were significant independent predictors of psychological health. While emotional intelligence (β = .052, t=0.61, p>.05) found to have no independent significant prediction on the psychological health. The findings of the study were discussed and it suggested the need for caregiver education and support programs. Recommendation: The study recommends that family support groups should be created for assisting caregivers and advocating for the promotion of their well-being in society.

Different kinds of behavior and traits may gradually manifest during the childhood; among such behaviors are pro-social and aggressive behaviors. The present study examined two developmental traits (callous-unemotional) and their role in the relationship between pro-social and aggressive behavior. Participants are school pupils in Nkpor; a South Eastern town in the Anambra State of Nigeria. All the participants were of the Igbo ethnic group. They include 65 primary school pupils comprising of 30 primary six pupils (M age = 10.50, SD = 1.07) and 35 primary two pupils (M age = 6.02, SD =.66). Data for pro-social, aggressive behavior and callous-unemotional traits (CU) were gathered from the teacher's report. Results revealed that CU traits were negatively correlated with pro-social but positively correlated with aggression. Pro-social behavior was also negatively correlated with aggressive behavior. Hierarchical regression showed that pro-social behavior was not a significant predictor of aggressive behavior when CU traits were not controlled, while CU traits predict aggressive behavior with or without pro-sociality. The discussion focused on callous and uncaring traits as an important mediating mechanism that could help researchers understand early developmental trajectories of pro-social behaviors.

Studies on psychological health of undergraduate students across the world, including Nigeria shows prevalence of psychological trauma among the students. This study examined the correlation between undergraduate students' exposure to violent crime and psychological trauma, and their fear of crime and psychological trauma. The participants were 505 undergraduates consisting of 226 (45.1%) males, 266 (55.1%) females and 11 (2.2%) who did not indicate their gender. The participants whose ages range from 18 to 32 years, with a mean age of 23. 47years and standard deviation of 2.31 were sampled through systematic random sampling from eight departments randomly drawn from the fourteen faculties in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The instruments used for data generation were: Measure for Exposure to Violence developed by Engelbrecht (2009); Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) developed by Harowitz, Wilner and Alvarez (1997) and fear of Crime Measure developed by Von-Klemperer (2009). The survey study employed a correlational design and used Pearson Product Momen Correlation Statistics for analysis of data. Two research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at P<0.05 level of significance. The two hypotheses were confirmed. The result of the study showed a significant positive relationship between undergraduate students' exposure to violence crime and psychological trauma, and between fear of crime and psychological trauma. The researchers made recommendations which include among others, generating employment as a measure for curbing violent crime, beefing up security and developing intervention programmes that will victims to cope with fear and psychological trauma.