A microbial process using the fungus Absidia repens ATCC
14849 is described for the oxidation of 2-methylquinoxaline to
2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid. A campaign consisting of three
14000-L runs produced 20.5 kg of the acid with a 28% overall
yield. The bioconversion gave a lower yield compared with a
three step chemical synthesis (35%), but was carried out in one
pot, and avoided safety issues with a di-N-oxide intermediate.
Although successfully scaled to produce kilograms of 2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid for synthesis of a drug candidate, the
A. repens bioconversion is unsuitable for further scale-up due
to low product concentration (∼1 g/L). A second microbial
process using Pseudomonas putida ATCC 33015 is also described for the oxidation of 2-methylquinoxaline. The P. putida
bioconversion gave an 86% in situ yield at 8-L scale and yielded
a product concentration approximately 10-fold greater than that
of the A.
repens bioconversion.
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