Abstract.A traditional network consists of gateway sensors which transmit data to the base stations. These nodes are considered bottlenecks in multihopnetworks as they transmit their data as well as data from other nodes and hence they deplete faster in energy. One way to optimize energy efficiency in a WSN is to deploy a mobile base station which could collect data without a need for gateway nodes, and hence the multihop bottleneck would be minimized. We compare these two variations of WSN, one consisting of the multihop approach with gateway nodes, and we propose the other network structure, whereby a mobile base station collects data individually from each node using double Fermat's spiral model. Keywords: energy efficiency, mobile base station, 3-level WSN structure, spiral pattern, pattern routing. IntroductionWireless sensor networks, due to their manner of operation, act as a bridge to the physical world. They have captured the attention and imagination of many researchers, leading to a broad spectrum of ideas, ranging from environmental protection and military applications. A wireless sensor network is made up of spatially distributed sensors which are deployed on a wide range of area, and these sensors are used to monitor physical or environmental conditions such as temperature, pollution, pressure and motion. Sensor networks are keys in gathering information needed by smart environments. Each node in a sensor network is equipped with a radio transceiver, a small microcontroller and an energy source, mostly a battery. One of the most distinguished components of wireless sensors networks are the base stations. They have increased computational energy and communication resources. They act as gateways between sensor nodes and the end user.
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