and DANIBL B. QtU8B, Umverstty of ArkansasSeveral recent studies have investigated the effectiveness of social remforcement in modifying the performance of children m repetitive motor tasks The introduction of social reinforcers has been found to increase the frequency of the reinforced response and to be more effective following social depnvation than following satiation (Gewirtz & Baer, 1958a, 1958b) The level of response has been found to be increased to a greater degree by social reinforcement for institutionalized children than for normal children (Zigler, Hodgden, & Stevenson, 1958) and to be affected by the degree of premstitutional social deprivation experienced by feebleminded 5"s (Zigler, 1958)The above studies have been concemed only with the shortterm effects of social reinforcement and have not considered tbe effect of E's absence from the situation or of E's making critical, rather than supportive comments about 5"s performance The present studies seek to investigate the effects of such variables on the performance of normal and feebleminded children EXPERIMENT I The purpose of the first study was to investigate the effectiveness of social reinforcement in modifying performance over a five-day period Three experimental conditions were employed (a) a reward condition m which E made supportive comments conceming 5's performance, (fc) a condition in which E was attenbve to 5's performance but made no comments, and (c) a condition in which E instructed S and left the room during 5's performance The three conditions made it possible to determme the degree to which the supportive comments were effective in modifying behavior, and also
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