Remains of 142 species of vertebrates, ca 4,984 individuals, and 35 species of invertebrates, ca 5,547 individuals, were recovered from a late Pleistocene "owl roost" in the entrance talus of Clark's Cave in the central Appalachian Mountains, lat. 38°05'10" N., Bath County, Virginia, U.S.A. Sixty-four percent of the medium-tosmall-sized mammals represented in the cave remains are now found either farther north or conform in size to present boreal population equivalents (Bergmann's Response) and with the New Paris No. 4, Pa. local fauna. Deposition took place during late glacial times, > 10,000 years B P., and ceased before the boreal-to-temperate, post-glacial floral adjustment was completed at the site. Ptarmigan, Lagopus, and least chipmunk, Eutamias, are added to the late glacial fauna of the Appalachians.A spruce/ pine parkland with nearby bog and meadowlands in a complicated topographical pattern is suggested by the ecological requirements of the faunal components. A contemporaneous mixture of presently allopatric northern, midwestern, and temperate Appalachian species is noted, suggesting a richer ecological picture than was apparent at New Paris No. 4, Pa., 240 km to the north.Quantitative analysis suggests that several species of raptors were involved. Comparisons with other Appalachian cave and fissure deposits demonstrate the difficulty of ascertaining methods of deposition by faunal analysis only.BULLETIN CARNEGIE MUSEUM OE NATURAL HISTORY NO. 2McGinnis deserves our special thanks for her many months of laboratory sorting and for the study and identification of the anuran remains. We thank our many colleagues for their assistance:
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