The liquid-phase hydrogenation of els -2-ethyl-2-hexenal was performed with a number of nickel catalysts supported on modified alumina-aluminum phosphate (AAP). The AAP was modified by inclusion of a second cation during preparation, which resulted in supports with easily controllable surface properties. The addition of even small amounts of Mg, Ca, or Zn was found to affect the surface area and pore size distribution of the support greatly.When these supports were compounded with nickel they yielded catalysts with high surface areas and large pores. Their activities for the reaction of interest were far superior to that obtained with a reference commercial catalyst.
The reported results are concerned with powering miniature autonomous devices using radio-frequency (RF) energy, not requiring batteries or wires. The century-old concept of transmitting energy using RF is now practical for numerous applications. The method of evaluating the receiving area of miniature antennas is presented, and implemented using a particular antenna profile with inherent electrical inductance and capaCitance properties. The research demonstrates the ability to obtain the theoretical antenna effective area. The results facilitate the economical fabrication of an antenna as an integral part of a printed circuit board or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device.
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