Breast cancer is becoming one health problem worldwide due to the increasing tendency of morbidity and mortality for years. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing in some countries due to the increasing life expectancy, urbanization, and adoption of lifestyle. This study aimed to obtain the profile of breast cancer patients in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado during 2013-2014. This was a retrospective descriptive study using data from medical record in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. The results showed that there were 151 cases of breast cancer. Most of them were aged 40-49 (61 cases; 43%); senior high school as the highest education (92 cases; 61%). Family history with breast cancer was fouond in only 6 cases (4%). The most common histological type was invasive ductal carsinoma (147 cases; 97.6%). The most common clinical stage was stage IV (96 cases; 63.6%). Conclusion: Most of the breast cancer cases were aged 40-49 years, senior high school, no family history of breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma, and clinical stage IV,Keywords: breast cancer, age, education, family history, histopatology type, clinical stage Abstrak: Kanker payudara masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan yang ada di seluruh dunia karena meningkatnya morbiditas dan mortalitas selama bertahun-tahun. Insiden kanker payudara meningkat di beberapa negara karena meningkatnya harapan hidup, urbanisasi dan adopsi pola hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penderita kanker payudara di RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2013-2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif berdasarkan data rekam medik RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2013-2014. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 151 kasus kanker payudara, sebagian besar berusia 40-49 tahun sebanyak 61 kasus (43%) dengan tingkat pendidikan terbanyak SMA sebanyak 92 kasus (61%). Riwayat penyakit keluarga mengalami kanker payudara sebanyak 6 kasus (4%). Jenis histopatologik terbanyak karsinoma duktal invasif sebanyak 147 kasus (97,6%). Stadium klinis yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu stadium IV sebanyak 96 kasus (63,6%). Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini kanker payudara terbanyak pada usia 40-49 tahun, tingkat pendidikan SMA, tanpa riwayat kanker payudara dalam keluarga, jenis histopatologik karsinoma duktal invasif, dan stadium klinis IV.Kata kunci: kanker payudara, usia, pendidikan, riwayat penyakit keluarga, tipe histopatologi, stadium sklinis.
BACKGROUND: In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the main manifestations were fever, cough, and anosmia. AIM: We aimed to investigate coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation in severe COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Five cases of COVID-19 with coagulopathy have been reported. RESULTS: All patients presented with various main complaints such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and diarrhea. An increase in D-dimer value was found in all cases, with an increase of 4–5 times from the upper limit of normal. All patients were evaluated with the IMPROVE-VTE and PADUA thrombotic risk assessment models. Thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin LMWH intensive dosage was given to four patients. However, one patient was not given thromboprophylaxis because of the high risk of bleeding. All cases were not given long-term thromboprophylaxis after the patients were discharged from the hospital. All hospitalized COVID-19 patients can be considered to give thromboprophylaxis unless contraindicated. Thromboprophylaxis is preferable to use LMWH with a dose adjusted to the severity of COVID-19. Administration of thromboprophylaxis after hospitalization may be considered in patients who have thromboembolic risk factors. CONCLUSION: More research is being encouraged to increase understanding of the prevention and treatment of thrombotic complications of COVID-19.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to a defect in insulin action, insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells or both. In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), trombopoiesis acceleration and increased turnover and increased hematocrit occur resulting in impaired blood flow velocity. This increased blood viscosity causes vasoconstriction due to thickening of blood vessel walls.This study was aimed to obtain the profile of hematology and its correlation with average blood glucose in type 2 DM patients. This was a descriptive analytical study using patients’ medical record in the Endocrine Clinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from August to October 2016. The results of Spearman’s correlation test were as follows: correlation between average blood glucose and hemoglobin concentration with r = 0.083 and p = 0.272; correlation between average blood glucose and levels of hematocrit with r = 0.123 and p = 0.184; correlation between the average glucose blood and levels of erythrocyte with r = 0.121 and p = 0.187; correlation between average blood glucose and platelet with r = 0.052 and p = 0.353; and correlation between average blood glucose and levels of leukocytes with r = 0.247 and p = 0.033. Conclusion: Among type 2 DM patients, there were no significant correlations between average blood glucose level and hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte levels, as well as platelet levels. However, there was a significant correlation between average blood glucose and leukocyte level.Keywords: T2 DM, average blood glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets Abstrak: Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik yang ditandai oleh hiperglikemia akibat defek pada kerja insulin, sekresi insulin oleh sel beta pancreas, atau keduanya. Pada pasien DM tipe 2 (DMT2) terjadi percepatan trombopoiesis serta peningkatan pergantian trombosit dan hematokrit yang dapat berakibat terhadap kecepatan aliran darah. Viskositas darah yang meningkat dapat menyebabkan terjadinya vasokonstriksi akibat penebalan dinding pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran hematologi dan hubungannya dengan rerata gula darah pada pasien DM tipe 2. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan data rekam medik pasien di Poliklinik Endokrin Bagian/SMF Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Agustus-Oktober 2016. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman memperlihatkan nilai hubungan antara rerata gula darah dan kadar hemoglobin r = 0,083 dan p = 0,272; nilai hubungan antara rata-rata gula darah dan kadar hematocrit r = 0,123 dan p = 0,184; nilai hubungan antara rata-rata gula darah dan kadar eritrosit r = 0,121 dan p = 0,187; nilai hubungan antara rata-rata gula darah dan trombosit r = 0,052 dan p = 0,353, serta nilai hubungan antara rata-rata gula darah dan kadar leukosit r = 0,247 dan p = 0,033. Simpulan: Pada pasien DMT 2 tidak dijumpai hubungan bermakna antara rerata gula darah dengan kadar hemoglobin, kadar hematokrit, kadar eritrosit, dan kadar trombosit namun terdapat hubungan bermakna antara rerata gula darah dan leukosit.Kata kunci: DMT2, rerata gula darah, hemoglobin, hematokrit, trombosit
Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease characterized by changes in the structure and architecture of the liver parenchyma resulting in liver dysfunction. One of the liver dysfunction is changes in metabolism of proteins that play a role in blood clotting hemostasis). Therefore, one of the complications often found in liver cirrhosis is bleeding. This study aimed to obtain the profile of hemostatic disorder of cirrchosis patients treated in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from August 2013 toAugust 2015. This was a retrospective descriptive study using the secondary data of the Medical Record. The results showed that there were 75 patients with liver cirrhosis; 34 (45.7%) had impaired hemostasis. The highest proportion of cirrhotic patients with hemostasis disorder was male (67.6%); age group of 51-65 years (55.8%); the most common cause was HBV infection (35.3%); the most often bleeding manifestation was melena (61.7%); and the most common cause of bleeding was esophageal varices (44.1%), prolongation of PT (86.7%) and of APTT (46.7%). Low level of platelets count occured in 85,2% of patients. Conclusion: Almost half of the patients with liver cirrhosis had hemostasis disorders. Prolongation of PT occurred in most of the patients, however, no significant APTT prolongation was found. Thrombocytopenia frequently occured in patients with liver cirrhosis associated with hemostasis disorders. Keywords: hemostatic disorder, PT, thrombocytopenia, cirrchosis Abstrak: Sirosis hati adalah penyakit hati kronis dimana terjadi perubahan struktur dan arsitektur dari parenkim hati sehingga hati tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik. Salah satu fungsi hati yang terganggu ialah metabolisme protein yang berperan dalam mengatur fungsi pembekuan darah (hemostasis). Salah satu komplikasi yang sering dijumpai pada sirosis hati adalah perdarahan. Penelitian inin menggunakan metode retrospektif dengan mengambil data sekunder di Instalasi Rekam Medik RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh pasien sirosis hati sebanyak 75 orang, dan 34 orang (45,7%) diantaranya mengalami gangguan hemostasis. Proporsi tertinggi pasien sirosis disertai gangguan hemostasis ialah laki-laki (67,6%); kelompok umur 51-65 tahun (55,8%); penyebab terbanyak infeksi HBV (35,3%); manifestasi perdarahan yang sering muncul ialah melena (61,7%) dengan penyebab perdarahan tersering adalah varises esofagus (44,1%); serta pemanjangan PT (86,7%) dan APTT (46,7%). Nilai trombosit dibawah normal (trombositopenia) terjadi pada 85,2% pasien. Simpulan: Hampir setengah pasien sirosis hati mengalami gangguan hemostasis. Pemanjangan PT terjadi pada sebagian besar pasien yang diperiksa sedangkan pemanjangan APTT tidak signifikan. Trombositopenia sering terjadi pada pasien sirosis hati disertai gangguan hemostasis. Kata kunci: Gangguan hemostasis, PT, trombositopenia, sirosis.
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