The aspect of leadership has existed since the dawn of time, with scholars conducting extensive studies from various angles and views, which were then produced into literary works. In the Malay Archipelago, Taj al-Salatin manuscript (1603M) is widely known as a masterpiece which highlighted leadership qualities from the Islamic perspective. This study was conducted to identify the author’s ideas on Islamic leadership in the context of Malay Archipelago, using descriptive method by analysing the manuscript. The findings showed that leaders and leadership are considered as a mandate from Allah S.W.T. Good leaders must be qualified, with higher knowledge and morals than their subjects. Taj al-Salatin introduces the idea that leaders should practice Tasawwuf, which among its practises include constant self reminder of death, rejecting lust and desires, and prioritising remembrance to Allah. In his manuscript, Bukhari al-Jauhari presents the vision, idealism and the idea of "leaders are perfect beings", which embodies the concept of Tauhid and upholds noble character for universal humanity. A leader of a nation should always stand on the grounds of good moral values and the people are led towards creating a peaceful, prosperous and happy nation.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one of the ways for any private organisation or individual to contribute to the society as a form of giving back to the community. The services offered may vary according to the capability of the institutions involved. This include financial assistance, school supplies, expertise, skills and knowledge sharing and social work. Besides that, the idea of contributing and donating to the society is an ideal way to ease the burden of the government and local authorities. Particularly, in education sector CSR has become a great way for the organisations to expand their contribution in schools and society. There are many benefits and advantages of having the CSR programmes especially in the education development. This literature review writing explored the involvement of the organisations and individuals in helping the Malaysia education system via CSR initiatives. Scholars research findings and analysis through documents such as newspaper report are essential in promoting the CSR programmes in the country. The benefits and advantages towards the school, teachers, pupils and the local community were explained to create awareness among the society about the importance of giving back in the education sector.
Nowadays, ICT is used as a catalyst in e-learning to improve the quality of the teaching and learning processes. E-learning primarily incorporates interactive multimedia elements to involve and appreciate learners in the learning process. Multimedia applications provide interactive features, navigation, attract students and also help students to focus more during the learning process. This paper focuses on student perceptions of e-learning as a method of teaching and learning. The study sample consists of two groups of students: group A for traditional approach of learning and group B for e-learning approach. Moodle is used as a platform for e-learning. The research tool uses questionnaires and log data from the activity of Moodle. The questionnaire results are analyzed using SPSS software. From the analyzed data on student’s perception of traditional learning, 53% of students deny that this approach allows them to develop their current understanding of learning. 26.7% of respondents strongly disagree that content is appealing in traditional teaching delivery. A total of 55% of students agree to the use of multimedia e-learning to increase student understanding. Multimedia elearning was interesting and enjoyable to use, according to the findings, 75% of respondents agreed. The study shows that the student’s perception of multimedia e-learning helps to increase the student’s performance. The result has shown that students have demonstrated better learning performance through e-learning.
Islam is the oldest established religion among Bulghar entity, the residents along the riverbanks of the Volga-Kama triangle. This valley was famous as the first Islamic country erected in the Eastern European region. The presence of Islam in the region has raised the name of the ruler of Volga Bulgaria and was reinforced by relationship with Baghdad. The Islamisation of the Bulghar society is relevant to the role played by Ahmad ibn Fadlan, the ambassador of the Abbasid government based in Baghdad. Therefore, this article aims to examine the role played by Ibn Fadlan in the Islamization of the Bulghar society. For this study, a qualitative method using historical descriptive approach was employed, which involved compilation and evaluation of the facts of the Risalah Ibn Fadlān. Data for this study were obtained through library research. The data analyses were conducted through texts and document analyses, as well as comparison method. This study finds that Ibn Fadlan plays an important role in the islamisation of the Bulghar society, not just as an ambassador of Abbasid government but as a teacher, preacher and counselor to the Bulghar king and the whole nation.
The role of Islam in the forming of the society solidarity consisting of multi-ethnic backgrounds into a consistency ethno system is a great thing about the Volga Bulgaria that occupied by Bulghar society. The process of Islamization has become the main factors for social changes happened in the society. Thus, this writing is intended to analyse the social changes that occurred in the society that affected Bulghar society achievement, by referred to text analysis on Risalah Ibn Fadlan, 922 AD and some other sources related. For this study, the qualitative method using historical descriptive approach has been employed which involving compilation and evaluation of the facts of the Risalah Ibn Fadlān. Therefore, data onto this study were obtained through library research. The analyses on data study were conducted through texts and document analyses, as well as comparison method. This study finds islamization is the major factor contributing to the social change among Bulghar society. The social change in Bulghar society incorporating the changing of thinking to achieve development in education, the way of life, infrastructure, literature and the spirit of dacwah, the norms and values based on Islam, which the society adheres after becoming Muslim.
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