Sepsis and meningitis are few of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality. Even so, establishing a microbial diagnosis for is still arduous and is often achieved in only half of cases by conventional culture techniques. This study was designed to compare the multiplex PCR method with the traditional culture method in sepsis and meningitis. The other aim was to evaluate the reliability of multiplex PCR method. METHODS: Forty-four patients with symptoms of sepsis and meningitis were included in the study. Both culture and multiplex PCR methods were performed for the isolation of most commonly seen pathogen, from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. RESULTS: The conventional culture method detected at least one bacterial isolation in 19 patients. Whereas, the number for multiplex PCR was 44 (100%). The pathogens most commonly detected by PCR were Pseudomonas, Candida, S. pneumonia and CMV. In terms of detection of multiple pathogens, multiplex PCR was significantly efficient than conventional culture (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The traditional methods, such as culture are often inadequate in detection of the pathogens in sample from patients of sepsis and meningitis. Multiplex PCR assays proved highly sensitive and rapid. Widespread use of PCR methods will not only provide the immediate and appropriate ''agent specific antibiotic treatment'' of sepsis and meningitis, it will also contribute to a reduction in antibiotic resistance.
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Melasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation of face predominantly affecting women with multiple factors like high estrogen states, genetic factors, sunlight, cosmetics & autoimmune thyroid disease implicated in its etiology. Current therapeutic modalities are beneficial for many patients but for some they may remain ineffective. The objective of the study was on clinical study of melisma and to study efficacy of 40% glycolic acid facial peels in melasma.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Woods lamp examination was done and patients were classified as having epidermal, dermal or mixed type. 40% glycolic acid peel was carried for a period of 20-30 seconds and was left for a period of 3 minutes or till the development of erythema. The peel was terminated by dilutional effect of washing with cold water. Six peelings were done at 15 days interval.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In total 50 patients, 56% belong to 31-40 years.<strong> </strong>Females constitute 82%. Majority were housewives (64%). Malar distribution was most common type (90%). Family history was present in 38%. Photo aggravation was present in 56% patients. Onset of melasma was associated with pregnancy in 22%. Epidermal melasma was seen in 62%. >75% improvement in 2%, 51-75% improvement in 14% and 25-50% improvement in 40% patients. Erythema (54%) and burning sensation (56%) were common side effects.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> So management of melasma in our patients with superficial glycolic acid peels alone is not highly rewarding.</p>
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) is frequently found worldwide, especially in tropical countries. The number of extrapulmonary TB reaches up to 14%, and 1% to 2% are cutaneous TB. Diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is complicated and requires a full work-up. Clinical manifestation of cutaneous TB is varied and causes difficulties to diagnose. Scrofuloderma and plaque type of lupus vulgaris (LV) are common forms of cutaneous TB.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study was conducted on patients attending Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, at Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga over a period of 2 years. A total of 15 cases of cutaneous tuberculosis were diagnosed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 15 cases out of which included predominantly males, with age group being affected commonly are 20-40 decades, histopathology showing tuberculoid granuloma in 11 cases, and common clinical variant being lupus vulgaris seen in 66.6% of the cases and. Second common being scrufuloderma seen in 26.6% of the cases and least common is TB verrucosa cutis (TBVC) seen in 6.6% of the cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study showed that the common clinical type of cutaneous tuberculosis during the study period was lupus vulgaris, scrofuloderma and less common being TBVC.</p>
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Erythroderma is a cutaneous morphological reaction pattern of skin having many underlying causes and finding the etiology helps in the proper management of erythroderma cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study was performed at the department of dermatology, Basaveshwara Medical College, Hospital and Research center, Chitradurga. Authors studied 30 consecutive cases of erythroderma from July 2017 to June 2019 with respect to the epidemiological, clinical and histological data. Clinico-histological correlation was analyzed for etiology of erythroderma.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of onset was 35.03 years with a male to female ratio of 3:2. In addition to erythrema and scaling that were present in all patinets, other co-existent features included were pruritus (43.3%), fever (23.3%), and edema (16.7%). Of the pre-existing dermatoses, psoriasis was the most common (36.6%) disease followed by eczema (26.7%), drug-induced erythroderma (16.7%), colloidan baby (3.3%), pityriasisrubrapilaris (3.3%) and in 13.3% of cases, etiology could not be ascertained. Clinico-histopathological correlation could be established in 73.3% of cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In all erythroderma cases cutaneous features were identical irrespective of etiology. Detailed history, clinico-histopathological examination and other necessary haematological investigations helps to establish the etiology of erythroderma which helps in further management.</p>
Non-resolving pneumonia is defined as pneumonia with a slow or partial resolution of symptoms or radiological abnormalities in spite of adequate antibiotic therapy. It is a common problem encountered in clinical practice estimated to be responsible for significant percentage of inpatient pulmonary consultations and bronchoscopies. Here we report an interesting case of nonresolving pneumonia anemia in a young female, who was subsequently found to have endobronchial tuberculosis on fiberoptic bronchoscopy, confirmed by biopsy.
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