ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Internet has swayed all aspects of human society and the exponential rise in global internet users indicates that internet & Social Networking sites (SNS) have become an essential part of the daily lives of people with potentially addictive effects of its overuse. This may lead to social isolation, depression & professional effects. This behavioral addictive pattern has also been observed in increasing trend among healthcare professionals worldwide. This study aims to assess prevalence of internet addiction and its behavioral patterns (BP) in Pakistani healthcare context, to determine the prevalence and intensity of Internet Addiction (IA) among Medical Doctors. METHODOLOGY: A Quantitative; Cross-sectional Survey was conducted at Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed/ Azad Kashmir Combined Military Hospital Rawalakot for 2 months.After calculating sample size with 95% Confidence Interval limit,100 medical and dental doctors were selected using convenience sampling. After IRB approval & informed consent data was collected using prevalidated “Young's Internet Addiction Scale”& “Behavioral Patterns scale”. The participants recorded their response on a 5-point Likert scale and dichotomous scale for each scale respectively. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics & inferential statistics in SPSS 23. Addiction was classified into 4 categories. The significant association between IA groups and BP groups was computed by Fisher's exact test with P-value <0.05 as significant. RESULTS: The Response rate was 87% with 54% males and 56% females. The prevalence of internet addiction was 79%(n=69). Out of them 36% (n=31) had mild, 41% (n=36) had moderate addiction while 2% (n=2) had severe addiction. Pattern of internet addiction symptomatology shows that prevalence of IA is higher in excessive use (87.35%) & lack of control (77.01%) while least in anticipation (35.63%) category. Statistically significant difference was seen in behavioral patterns among addicted and nonaddicted medical and dental doctors. CONCLUSION: Internet Addiction is a recognizable disorder from the spectrum of Problematic Internet Use. This study reports the prevalence of internet addiction among health care professionals and burden of multiple behavioral patterns in association with IA, which is an emerging mental health concern.
Background: Medical Professionals Resilience Scale (MeRS) is a four-point Likert scale for measuring resilience in the domains of control, resourcefulness, involvement, and growth. This 37-item inventory was previously validated among Malaysian health professionals. To increase the evidence of validity of MeRS, this study attempted to cross validate and perform psychometric analysis of MeRS among medical doctors of Pakistan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in two different hospitals of Pakistan. Prior to the study, ethical approval was obtained from the ERC/IRB committee of SKBZAN/AK CMH Rawalakot. The MeRS was distributed to 201 medical doctors, comprising of 102 house officers and 99 medical officers. Data was analyzed for descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 26, and the Analysis of a Moment Structures software version 26 respectively. Results: The four-domain, 37-item MeRS has a good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.90. The reliability of growth, control, involvement and resourceful domains are 0.76, 0.86, 0.79 and 0.79 having 15, 6, 12 and 4 items respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis yields the same four-domain with 14-items (3 each for growth and resourceful and 4 each for control and involvement) version as the best fit model for MeRS, with X2= 99.556, P-value=0.008, GFI=0.934, RMSEA=0.048, TLI=0953, CFI=0.965, NFI=0.899 and X2/df=1.464. Cross validation across two different hospitals for Pakistani doctors yields stable constructs of MeRS to measure resilience among medical doctors. Conclusion: This study concludes that MeRS is a valid and reliable tool for measurement of resilience in health professionals. The confirmatory factor analysis A performed on the original 37-item MeRS exhibited stable constructs. The new Modified MeRS Model with 14 items and same four domains showed high goodness of fit indices.
Objective: To explore factors promoting and hampering a medical resident’s journey from residency induction to role adaptation into consultant practice. Method: The qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted at the Fatima Memorial Hospital and Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from February to July 2019, and comprised junior residents, senior residents, newly qualified consultants and supervising consultants from four departments. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to achieve theoretical saturation. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and along with nonverbal cues notes by the researchers were analysed using Atlas.ti 7. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis protocol, codes were merged into categories to form main themes. Results: Of the 16 subjects, 4(25%) each were junior residents, senior residents, senior registrars and supervising consultants. There were 7(44%) males and females 9(56%) females. The mean age of the residents was 30.9+5.03 years and that of the supervisors was 55.3+0.97 years. Overall, 157 codes were developed which led to 18 categories and subsequently to 2 main themes; intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. The former encompassed physical and emotional health, personality traits, style, personal skills, core knowledge, attribution training, self-selection of career, and previous life experiences. Extrinsic factors included physical/non-physical environment, economic stability, communication of expectations, structured residency programme, regular programme evaluation, society and culture, family, support system, preparation for transition, psychological assistance, role of supervisor, involvement into communities of practice, time for relaxation, opportunity provision, work-life boundaries, and reflective practices. ---Continue
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