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Globally the coverage of early initiation breastfeeding (EIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) still low. In Indonesia, the coverage of EIBF and exclusive breastfeeding was 52,8% and 37,3%. This study aimed to review what factors affected the target of EIBF and EBF. Method, the study was a literature review. Eleven scientific articles were critically reviewed based on objectives, methods, and results presented in the articles. The articles were written by Indonesian authors and published in indexed journals during the year 2015 to 2020. Three databases were used; SINTA, Google Scholar, and National Library to search the articles using keywords “Early Initiation Breastfeeding and Exclusive breastfeeding” Data were analyzed with the qualitative method by presenting a summary, compare and contrasting, and critics and opinion. Results, of eleven articles, three were qualitative studies with total respondents 22, 28, and 81 mothers and eight quantitative studies range respondent from 110 mothers to 300.000 household mothers.  There were six factors affecting EIBF and EBF coverage; 1) implementation of government regulation, 2) family support, 3) maternal education and occupation, 4) breastfeeding counseling, 5) pre-term babies and 6) local culture.  In conclusion, the main factors causing the low coverage of EIBF and EBF are government commitment, family support, mother's education and occupation, inactive breastfeeding counseling, babies born at term, and cultural factors.

Background. Pandemic of Covid-19 has claimed millions of human lives and affected all aspects of human life including the implementation of early initiation of breastfeeding (EBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) due to prolonged lockdown. Around two-thirds of infant death happened in neonatal age as the result of low practices the early initiation of breastfeeding and not exclusively breastfeed. Public health center has tasks to run health community program to reach the coverage of 50% EIBF and EBF. This study aimed to analyze the trend of prevalence of EIBF and EBF coverage from 2017 to 2020. Method. The study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data taken from  Parongil Public Health Center, Dairi District.  Data on the number of neonatal and babies aged 0-6 months and coverage EIBF and EBF were taken from the monthly report. Prior to processing the data, validation was conducted. Data was presented in the univariate table in frequency distribution and proportion. Trends of EIBF and EBF coverage were presented inline graphics.  Results. The trend of prevalence of EIBF had been increasing from year 2017 to 2020 that was from 77.4% to 81.6% while EBF tended to decreasing from 45% to 40.0%. Pandemic Covid-19 might not have affected the coverage of EIBF and EBF. Factors of low education level worked as farmers, low income, low husband support, and no breastfeeding counselors were the main causes of low gaining of EBF.

Status gizi merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas sumber daya manusia, kekurangan zat gizi selama masa pertumbuhan dapat berdampak pada keterlambatan pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan motorik dan kognitif. Pola asuh orang tua memegang peranan penting dalam mengatasi permasalahan gizi anak terkhususnya pada pola asuh pemberian ASI dan pola asuh pemberian makan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui gambaran pola asuh dan status gizi anak umur 0 - 24 bulan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan database Google Scholar, Garuda dan Arjuna. Peneliti menggunakan 15 artikel yang diterbitkan dari tahun 2015 - 2020 dan terindeks di Sinta, Arjuna, Mendeley, Google Scholar, Scimago, Worldcat, Zotero, Rama repository, DOAJ, IPI, Garuda, Dimensions, Crossref. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan persentase status gizi anak sesuai dengan artikel yang tercantum yaitu gizi baik sebanyak 67.5%, gizi kurang 8.4%, pendek 10.4%, kurus 6.7%. Pola asuh terhadap anak yaitu terdapat anak yang mendaptkan ASI sebanyak 68.4% dan anak yang tidak mendaptkan ASI sebanyak 31.6% dan kurangnya pengetahuan ibu dalam memberikan makanan pendamping ASI, ibu yang memberikan MP-ASI kepada anak 46.6% dan yang tidak memberikan MP-ASI kepada anak 53.3%. Kata kunci: Pola asuh,; status gizi

The prevalence of Stunting of children in developing countries is still high including Indonesia. Basic health research Riskesdas, 2013 found that 37.2% were stunted. To detect stunting, community empowerment team used Height Score growth chart. Previous research found that this chart had high sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this study to improve skill of posyandu caders in using wall growth chart and determine nutritional status of children. A total of 25 Posyandu cadres were trained on the application of  wall growth chart. Caders skill was evaluated by five components; pus the chart on the wall, validation, posing the children, detemine height dan determine nutritional status. Of the 36 children 25% of them was stunteded, 25% was rather stunting and 50% was normal. Conclusion. Wall growth chart was effective in detecting stunted children in Posyandu.