Pearl millet {Pennisetum glaucum L.R.Br.) hybrid MH 179 was grown under two moisture regimes viz., optimal moisture and rainfed conditions. The field experiment was continued for three consecutive rainy seasons to quantify the pearl millet development with thermal time. The possible influence of variation in natural sowing date OB the relationships between crop development and thermal time have been described. At cardinal temperatures of 10'C (base temperature below which peart millet development ceases), 33 'C (optimal temperature for development) and 45 C (maximum temperature at and above which no development takes place), the crop required 1490-1794'Cd thermal time to reach physiological maturity. The thermal time requirement for different developmental stages was influenced by the sowing time and moisture availability during the growing season of the crop.The leaf tip appearance on the main shoot of pearl millet in relation to thermal time was almost linear under both moisture conditions requiring about 44-50'Cd + 2.b Cd leaf, til] the appearance of the flag (last) leaf. However, leaf tip appearance on primary tillers was slightly slower and required 53-58 "'Cd + 4.7 Cd for each new leaf. Appearance of first primary tiller was later (at 320'Cd after emergence) under the rainfed condition as compared to the crop under the optimal moisture (at 250 "Ci). Thereafter, the tiller appearance in relation to thermal time under both moisture conditions was at a linear rate of about 53-56 Cd ± 9.5 "Cd tiller '.Effect of microclimatic variations, canopy temperature, radiation and photoperiod on the phenology-thermal time relationships have been discussed under both the moisture conditions.
A field experiment has been conducted in Cotton-Wheat cropping system for three cropping cycles, wherein we evaluated a total of five treatments (Control, Sub-soiling at 1.0 m, Sub-soiling at 1.5 m, Cross sub-soiling at 1.0 m and Cross sub-soiling at 1.5 m) in complete randomized block design to find out the effect of sub-soiling on the physical properties of soil and root parameters of cotton in Indian Punjab, where heavy machinery usage in farm operations is causing soil compaction leading to ill effects. Data elucidated that any level of sub-soiling not only improved soil physical properties by reduction in bulk density but also enhanced steady state infiltration rate as compared to control. Data also revealed that root length, fresh root weight plant
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and dry root weight plant
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of cotton exhibited significant differences in sub-soiled plots versus control for initial two years of experimentation but trivial differences existed thereafter. Consequently, both cotton and wheat crop resulted in higher yield owing to above mentioned reasons. The field data set is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analysis.
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