ObjectivesVitamin D deficiency is increasing worldwide. However, few studies have attempted to examine the vitamin D status of wage workers and the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and working conditions. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the association between occupational conditions and vitamin D deficiency among Korean wage workers.MethodsWage workers aged 20–65 years from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012; n = 5409) were included in our analysis. We measured the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and identified the correlations with the working conditions of these subjects.ResultsThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in male and female subjects was 69.5% and 83.1%, respectively. Among the male subjects, a significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and working conditions was observed among shift workers, office workers, and permanent workers. No significant correlation with any type of working conditions was observed among female subjects.ConclusionThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Korean wage workers was very high and was found to correlate significantly with working conditions, likely because of insufficient exposure to sunlight associated with certain types of work. Wage workers require more frequent outdoor activity and nutrition management to maintain sufficient vitamin D level.

ObjectivesThe prevalence of aged individuals in the Korean workforce continues to increase. This research determined the health and working conditions of Korean older wage workers and confirmed the effects of factors on the health-related quality of life of Korean older workers.MethodsOf the 25,534 persons surveyed in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1368 older (>55 years of age) wage workers without missing variables were selected. Their general characteristics, health status (cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, and mental health), working conditions (type of occupation, employment status, full- or part-time work, weekly average working hours, and shift work), and health-related quality of life assessed by the EQ-5D questionnaire were examined.ResultsThe mean values of the EQ-5D index of the male and female older workers were 0.956 ± 0.087 and 0.917 ± 0.124, respectively (p < 0.001). The factors that caused statistically significant differences in the EQ-5D index for all subjects were age, education, household income, cerebro-cardiovascular event, osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal pain, stress, occupation type, employment status, and working hours. In logistic regression analysis, the factors that associated with perceived problems in each EQ-5D dimensions were age, musculoskeletal pain, stress, diabetes, smoking, occupation type, employment status, and working hours.ConclusionsTo eventually raise the quality of life of older workers through health maintenance and management, it is necessary to manage related factors that include of musculoskeletal pain and diseases, stress, diabetes, smoking, occupation, employment status, and working hours.

Behçet's disease represents a multisystemic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis. Although vascular attack and thrombosis are not major complications in Behçet's disease, they can still pose risks that must not be overlooked. In this paper, we reported that a 25-year-old female Behçet's disease patient with complete thrombotic obstruction of the inferior vena cava that was successfully treated by aspiration thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty. The procedure produced marked symptomatic improvement. Currently, data about the treatment and the prophylaxis of thrombotic events in Behçet's disease are lacking. In this case report, we hope to discuss the future direction of such studies, how we understand the mechanism of Behçet's disease hypercoagulability, and which treatments can improve thrombotic tendencies in Behçet's disease.

ObjectivesThis study involved a survey of the facility investment experiences, which was designed to recognize the importance of health and safety problems, and industrial accident prevention. Ultimately, we hope that small scale industries will create effective industrial accident prevention programs and facility investments.MethodsAn individual survey of businesses’ present physical conditions, recognition of the importance of the health and safety problems, and facility investment experiences for preventing industrial accidents was conducted. The survey involved 1,145 business operators or management workers in small business places with fewer than 50 workers in six industrial complexes.ResultsRegarding the importance of occupational health and safety problems (OHS), 54.1% said it was “very important”. Received technical and financial support, and industrial accidents that occurred during the past three years were recognized as highly important for OHS. In an investigation regarding facility investment experiences for industrial accident prevention, the largest factors were business size, greater numbers of industrial accidents, greater technical and financial support received, and greater recognition of the importance of the OHS. The related variables that decided facility investment for industry accident prevention in a logistic regression analysis were the experiences of business facilities where industrial accidents occurred during the past three years, received technical and financial support, and recognition of the OHS. Those considered very important were shown to be highly significant.ConclusionsRecognition of health and safety issues was higher when small businesses had experienced industrial accidents or received financial support. The investment in industrial accidents was greater when health and safety issues were recognized as important. Therefore, the goal of small business health and safety projects is to prioritize health and safety issues in terms of business management and recognition of importance. Therefore, currently various support projects are being conducted. However, there are issues regarding the limitations of the target businesses and inadequacies in maintenance and follow-up. Overall, it is necessary to provide various incentives for onsite participation that can lead to increased recognition of health and safety issues and practical investments, while perfecting maintenance and follow up measures by thoroughly revising existing operating systems.

Feminism has deeply embedded itself into the ethos of society after several decades of political and civil unrest. Originally abolitionists, first-wave feminists fought for suffrage but experienced tensions as black men received their right to vote before white women did. In the second wave, these divisions continued, as some feminist leaders segregated their marches. In 1989, Kimberlé Crenshaw diagnosed this issue as a lack of attention to intersectionality, a political framework that addresses a variety of social issues simultaneously. However, this ideology isn’t novel. In the 1960s, Simone de Beauvoir created a definition of feminism that was inclusive of all women: “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.” As an existentialist, she believed that humans have socially constructed gender and thus could deconstruct or modify the social hierarchy. The 2017 Women’s March seemed to indicate Crenshaw and Beauvoir’s more inclusive spirit, as feminists of all backgrounds participated in a joint effort on a joint goal. But a deeper dive into the march reveals that the current generation of feminists has not tackled the root of the problem of intersectionality, hence perpetuating the same issues of the first and second wave. Both Simone de Beauvoir and a modern feminist named Koa Beck identify the cause of this immobility through capitalism and the commodification of feminism. Today, people claim that we are riding the third or fourth wave of feminism. But because we have not completely adopted an intersectional mindset, we have yet to leave the second wave.