Background: Several studies have been published on the characterization of Trimeresurus venoms. However, there is still limited information concerning the venom composition of Trimeresurus species distributed throughout Indonesia, which contributes to significant snakebite envenomation cases. The present study describes a comparative on the composition of T. albolabris, T. insularis, T. puniceus, and T. purpureomaculatus venoms originated from Indonesia. Methods: Protein content in the venom of four Trimeresurus species was determined using Bradford assay, and the venom proteome was elucidated using one-dimension SDS PAGE nano-ESI-LCMS/MS shotgun proteomics. Results: The venom of T. albolabris contained the highest protein content of 11.1 mg/mL, followed by T. puniceus, T. insularis and T. purpureomaculatus venom with 10.7 mg/mL, 8.9 mg/mL and 5.54 mg/mL protein, respectively. In total, our venomic analysis identified 65 proteins belonging to 16 protein families in T. purpureomaculatus; 64 proteins belonging to 18 protein families in T. albolabris; 58 different proteins belonging to 14 protein families in T. puniceus; and 48 different proteins belonging to 14 protein families in T. insularis. Four major proteins identified in all venoms belonged to snake venom metalloproteinase, C-type lectin, snake venom serine protease, and phospholipase A2. There were 11 common proteins in all venoms, and T. puniceus venom has the highest number of unique proteins compared to the other three venoms. Cluster analysis of the proteins and venoms showed that T. puniceus venom has the most distinct venom composition. Conclusion: Overall, the results highlighted venom compositional variation of four Trimeresurus spp. from Indonesia. The venoms appear to be highly similar, comprising at least four protein families that correlate with venom's toxin properties and function. This study adds more information on venom variability among Trimeresurus species within the close geographic origin and may contribute to the development of optimum heterologous antivenom.
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia are currently one of the business sectors that can assist the government in employing the community. The Indonesian government, in its policies, has allocated many funds to increase the interest of the millennial generation in the field of entrepreneurship, especially various types of technology-based businesses such as startups, so that the Indonesian economy is growing. This training activity for assisting MSME actors aims to improve the ability of MSME actors ability to develop their business through information technology assistance. Improve knowledge of financial management and e-commerce for MSME actors and mastery of Information Technology for MSME actors. The participants came from 3 sub-districts in East Lombok Regency, namely Sukamulia, Selong, and Labuan Haji. The MSME coaching training involved 100 MSME participants in 3 sub-districts. MSME actors are given an understanding of the use of e-commerce and the importance of using technology in developing MSME products to increase their income. Implementing this activity is by practicing using various available promotional platforms, such as YouTube, Instagram, and Google Business. The results obtained are that MSME actors can master the basics of using the promotion platform that has been taught
Geographic Information System Technology makes it easier for us to manage geo-referenced information data or mapping the location of an area that is connected to the database. Nahdlatul Wathan is one of the largest organizations in West Nusa Tenggara, where there has been rapid development from year to year, especially in the field of education. The number of Islamic schools (madrasas) under the Nahdlatul Wathan organization is increasing every year. But until now, the location (geographical location) of each school is still not well recorded and mapped. Therefore, we need a geographic information system that can be used for the process of mapping and data collection of schools under the Nahdlatul Wathan organization that can help the management of Nahdlatul Wathan and each Islamic school and community to find out the location. from each school, which can be accessed quickly and precisely.
Tobacco is planted by the farmers in dry season through some process such as seeding, planting and drying. In drying process, the farmers use traditional technology named oven. When checking the temperature conditions of the tobacco, the farmers still use an estimation to measure the heat temperature of combustion stove. Base on those problems, the farmer need innovation technology which is used to make them easier to keep the stability of the temperature in the oven area in order to protect the quality of tobacco. “Internet of things” (IOTs) is provided to answer the farmers’ problem. By utilizing the internet of things (IOTs) in a Smartphone, this application will make the farmers easier to check the temperature conditions automatically to the temperature rises excessively without standing by in the oven or burning location. The application of IOTS with the data accuracy rate of ± 96%,%, can be said that it works well, although there are still shortcomings in the targets planned but the development program will be added. Hopefully, this application will help the farmer to be more ready to face 4.0 industry in the field of agriculture.
Air pollution and air pollution on the highway is a very bad impact on humans because polluted air can cause various kinds of diseases, therefore in this study, a tool was designed that can be used to monitor air quality over long distances, using Wemos. d1 as a liaison between the MQ-135 sensor with the Internet of Things (IoT) platform and the blynk application which is a monitoring system that if the air quality on the highway where many vehicles pass makes air pollution on the highway less healthy so that it threatens the physical health of living things. One of the efforts to overcome air pollution is by measuring the quality of the air on the highway. connected using the IoT platform as an air quality monitoring system by using the internet as a means of providing information presentation about the air quality on the highway. The results of field testing at 2 points in the East Lombok area found that the quality was still moderate where the air quality was in the range of 400-800. But if the air conditioner is Normal, the range is 0-400 and the last is Abnormal air quality, the range is 800 and above.
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