INTRODUCTIONPregnancy and delivery are generally considered as normal physiological process in women. The type of delivery can be normal, assisted or caesarean section. Caesarean section (CS) is an operative procedure whereby the fetuses after the end of 28 th weeks are delivered through an incision on the abdominal and uterine walls. Rise in incidence of caesarean sections could be due to increased safety of the operation due to improved anesthesia, availability of blood transfusion and antibiotics, other responsible factors such as rising incidence of primary caesarean section, decline in operative vaginal delivery and identification of high risk pregnancy.1 Some of the absolute indications for caesarean section are central placenta previa, contracted pelvis or cephalo pelvic disproportion, pelvic mass obstruction, advanced carcinoma cervix and vaginal obstruction.There are two types of caesarean sections based on time of operation. They are elective and emergency. Elective is when the operation is done at a pre-arranged time during pregnancy to ensure the best quality of obstetric care, anesthesia, neonatal resuscitation and nursing services. Emergency is when the operation is to be done due to an acute obstetric emergency resulting in endangering to lives of mother and child. 2 ABSTRACTBackground: During the last few decades there has been an alarming rise in the incidence of caesarean section (CS). CS is one of the most common major surgical procedures in private health sector. This rise is of immediate concern and a major public health issue to address. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done wherein 100 women were selected from Yenkapally and Peddamangalaram villages by household survey by convenient sampling technique. A pre designed, pre tested questionnaire was used to get the relevant information by adopting interview technique. Results: Present study found that the total caesarean section rate was found to be 62% of which primary caesarean section rate was 23%. Thirty seven (59.6%) had emergency caesarean section and twenty five (40.4%) had elective caesarean section. The most common indication for emergency section was failed induction (29.7%) and for elective section it was previous caesarean section (84%). Higher socio economic status, higher birth order and associated health problems during delivery were significantly associated with caesarean section (p<0.05). Conclusions: Present study found a high caesarean section rate with majority sections occurred in private sector hospitals.
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