The present investigation was designed to study certain morphological and biochemical characteristics of epididymal washings/plasma during winter and summer season in the bucks. These studies were undertaken with the view to find out the effects of summer season on the epididymal physiology of bucks. The spermatozoa of the cauda epididymis showed higher mass motility as compared to corpus epididymis and caput epididymis in which they were non-motile in both the seasons. The total protein content (g/dl) was increased significantly (P<0.01) in summer season as compared to winter season in the epididymis of experimental bucks. Epididymal cholesterol content was comparable during summer season and winter season. pH of all the epididymal portions during both seasons was detected to be 6.7. The higher sodium ion concentration was found in caput epididymis during winter season. In caput, corpus and cauda, the concentration of potassium was comparable during summer and winter seasons. Serum cortisol and T3 concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) increased during summer as compared to the winter season.
Buffaloes contribute significantly as the main livestock species for milk and meat production. They govern the economy of many countries including India. In countries, where buffaloes predominate, their improved production could significantly enhance the economy and the living standards of farmers (Madan and Prakash, 2007). Thyroid hormones are general metabolic hormones required by the neonates to build up their immune competence along with other homeostatic activities. The HDL cholesterol was higher in the buffalo calves up to a
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