To assess the differences in nasal anthropometric measurements between Korean American women and North American white women and to perform an in-depth nasal index calculation. Methods: This anthropometric survey included a volunteer sample of Korean American women (n = 72) aged 18 to 35 years with Korean parents and no previous nasal surgery or trauma to the nose. Standardized and referenced frontal, lateral, and basal photographs of the nose were taken of the subjects and 22 standard anthropometric measurements of the nose were determined. Results were compared with published standards for North American white women. In addition, 18 nasal indices were calculated and compared with the published standards for North American white women. Results: The Korean American woman's nose did not fit the neoclassic facial canons. Compared with North American white women, 20 of 22 nasal measurements in Korean American women were found to be significantly different. Nasal indices also revealed significant differences in 16 of the 18 that were calculated. The Korean American woman's nose exhibits less rotation, has a flatter dorsum, and is more flared at the alae, with less definition of the nasal tip. Conclusions: The average Korean American and North American white female nasal anthropometric measurements are very different. As cosmetic surgery becomes more popular among Asian Americans, our findings bolster the need for a broader view of facial analysis and transcultural aesthetics.
The effects of aging in the lower face and neck are reflected in the contour of the jawline. Soft tissue atrophy, the formation of jowls, and retrusion of the chin are all age-associated changes that contrast starkly with the smooth harmony of a young lower face. These soft tissue changes in the jawline are exacerbated by the effects of aging on the bony portion of the mandible. Bone resorption of the mandible seen with aging can lead to the development of a hypoplastic mentum and the formation of an anterior mandibular groove. Rhytidectomy serves to address the soft tissue changes from aging but cannot counter the effects of aging on the bony mandible itself. Understanding the effects of bone resorption on the aging mandible allows the facial plastic surgeon to augment the mandible appropriately to achieve a more effective rejuvenation of the lower face. The aging process in the mandible and the development of the prejowl sulcus are reviewed. The use of chin and prejowl augmentation as a valuable adjuvant to facelift surgery is discussed.
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