Chironji (Buchanania cochinchinensis) is an indigenous tree species of Indian subcontinent which belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. It has tremendous potential to uplift the socio-economic status of village dwellers and tribal people. It is used for various purposes including fruits, fuel, fodder and medicines. The species is facing severe ecological and anthropogenic pressures due to indiscriminate harvesting and illicit felling. IUCN has designated Chironji as a vulnerable species indicating that it may be on the verge of extinction if proper conservation measures are not taken very soon. The reports on its conservation and genetic improvement are very less. Hence, it is needed to devise the strategies to conserve its germplasm and genetically improve the species for higher fruit yield. The genetic diversity present in the species is also needed to be studied for effective conservation. Eco-distribution mapping and Molecular characterization using modern tools like molecular markers can give an accurate idea about the genetic diversity in lesser time and will also help in devising the breeding strategies and conservation of its diverse genotype. This review encompasses the researches done on Chironji till date detailing the importance of its genetic diversity and tries to indicate the future conservation and improvement strategies to be taken to fill up the remaining gaps.
The present investigation was carried out at the College of Forestry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during August, 2018 to June, 2019 to study the genetic variability in growth characteristics among different clones of Eucalyptus tereticornis. Different clones of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. were planted in RCBD, with 4 replications revealed significant variations among all eight treatments (clones) with respect to 9 different characters. Based on the mean performance, treatment-1 (clone-526) showed maximum value for characters like biomass (1124.17), plant height (247.9 cm), collar diameter (23.25 mm), and a number of leaves plant-1 (463.25 number). Similarly, the maximum value was observed in treatment-8 (clone-136) for traits like leaf area (42.70 cm2), leaf length (15 cm), and leaf width (5.75 cm). The highest leaf length to leaf width ratio (3.57) and lowest number of branches plant-1 (18.75 number) were found in treatment-2 (clone-288). All characters had exhibited higher genotypic variance than an environmental variance. Similarly, the genetic coefficient of variation in the case of all variables was also found greater than an environmental coefficient of variation. Heritability was found maximum in plant height (87.35%) and all other characters also showed high heritability. Genetic advance as % of mean was found maximum in biomass (71.15%). Based on the overall mean performance of growth characters, Treatment-1 (Clone-526) was found as a superior clone with respect to the most important character biomass for the test locality. High GCV, heritability, and GAM value for biomass indicated that the character would respond to selection for the improvement program.
Eucalyptus tereticornis is one of the fastest growing multipurpose tree species. It is planted extensively under agroforestry and farm forestry. It was needed to estimate the genetic variability and contribution of yield contributing traits towards the total divergence. The PCA summarizes variability present in studied traits into utilizable form and to practical importance. Therefore, in the present study, eight clones of E. tereticornis were studied under field trial for their growth performance and contribution of individual traits towards total divergence were estimated. The eigene value of all three vectors (PCs) were found greater than one, which revealed that all the principal components explained a significant amount of variability present in traits. The proportion of variability explained by PC1 was 48.15 percent, by PC2 was 38.09 percent and by PC3 was 5.75 percent, all together these three vectors explained 92 percent of total variability. In PC1 and PC2, Plant height, biomass, leaf area, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf width and collar diameter were contributed positively towards the divergence hence the selection based on these traits will be rewarding. The times ranked contribution study also confirmed the contribution of L/W ratio (35.71%) and biomass (14.29%) towards the divergence. These traits are very important for the selection of parents in hybridization programs and effective selection of productive clones.
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