This paper introduces the new holistic observational method (OM) framework described in the Construction Industry Research and Information Association's guide C760the new revision to the Embedded Retaining Walls design guide C580. This new OM framework is described by four approaches, and these are explained with reference to case histories. The maximum benefit is achieved by back-analysing case histories in similar ground conditions to derive the most probable soil parameters. These parameters can then be used in an ab initio design to maximise saving in the wall thickness, toe embedment and propping requirements. A contingency plan is based on characteristic soil parameters, and this may involve additional propping. The term 'ipso tempore' is introduced for the circumstance where wall redesign occurs after construction starts. This may be to achieve saving in propping where movements are much smaller than predicted. Alternatively, additional propping or ground treatment may be required, and this is consistent with Peck's 'best-way-out' approach.
This paper details key aspects of the update of the Construction Industry Research and Information Association’s good practice on embedded retaining walls (C760). The authors of C760 provide an overview of the new guidance on the selection and design of vertical embedded retaining walls that satisfy the requirements of Eurocodes. The guidance also covers temporary and permanent cantilevers, and anchored, single-propped and multi-propped retaining walls that are supported by embedment in soft soils, stiff clays and other competent soils and soft rocks. C760 addresses the technical and construction issues relating to the selection of appropriate wall types and construction sequence to achieve a satisfactory design. It clarifies areas of ambiguity and common misunderstandings when applying the Eurocodes to the design of embedded retaining walls and presents a clear, unambiguous method for the application of the observational method.
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