The COVID-19 pandemic pushed the Iowa State University administration to impose face coverings and other safety regulations across the university campus. To comply with these safety measures, several changes to the English Placement Test of Oral Communication (EPT OC) had to be made. This paper discusses how the EPT OC was adapted to comply with the safety regulations mandated by the university administration and best ensure the safety of students and raters. It also describes the different considerations that were made prior to implementing these adaptations, and our thoughts while administering and rating the test. The paper concludes with what might be learned from administering the OC test during the pandemic.

The development of a student-teachers language assessment literacy was viewed through her experiences in conducting teaching practice in one of the senior high schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. An interview was conducted to explore the experiences taking place in the teaching-practice in relation to the language assessment literacy development. It was found out that the experiences were understood as mostly dealing with administrative tasks and there is a need of more knowledge in administrative matter in teaching and assessment. From the results of the study it was obvious that further studies need to be conducted to explore the role of teaching-practice in the development of student-teaching language assessment literacy. More participants and multiple data collection methods in a longitudinal study are needed to help student-teachers to be more assessment literate, which in turn helps them to be better teachers.DOI:doi.org/10.24071/llt.2018.210209

This paper reviews the studies on paired oral tests in the last ten years (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). Using the search facilities in Iowa State University's library, nine articles from some journals in the field of applied linguistics were chosen based on the inclusion criteria. Those journals are Language Testing, Language Assessment Quarterly, Applied Linguistics, and Procedia -Social and Behavioral Science. Three reasons why paired oral tests are better than interview test or individual format test are then discussed. Those are promoting and improving students' interactional competence, creating students' co-constructed discourse, and providing insights for better scale development and rater training. Paired oral tests provide opportunities for students to interact with peers in the tests, enable them to practice and improve their interactional competence. Paired oral tests also enable students to co-construct their discourse, even though there is an issue of grading the scores individually or collaboratively. The last is, more information about students' and raters' perception were gained that helps improve the rating scale and inform rater training. This paper is concluded with the call for more studies on paired oral tests to provide more insights into this complex process of creating co-constructed discourse and how to validly and reliably test both its process and product.

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This paper investigated English swear words used in a novel. This study was urgent to conduct because using swear words is a natural behavior in communication which is indicated by the employment of certain swear words to express emotion, to reduce frustrated feeling, and to show solidarity to others. Two research points to resolve were as follows: what types of swearing which the main character used and what motives for swearing in the novel. Data, consisting of 46 swear words, were collected from the Antologi Rasa novel written by Ika Natassa, and were investigated using a content analysis. Findings showed the following: 26 (56.5%) occurrences of auxiliary swearing, 12 (26.1%) of expletives swearing, 4 (8.7%) of abusive swearing, and 4 (8.7 %) of humorous swearing. Three motives for the main character to swear were as follows: psychological motives (23 occurrences or 50.0 %), social motives (19 or 41.30%), and linguistic motives (4 or 8.70%).

This paper reported a small-scale research on Javanese reduplication found in Pangkur Jenggleng Padepokan Ayom Ayem TV program which was aired in a local TV station in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Since only few studies are conducted to discuss Javanese reduplication, this study was conducted to fill in the gap in the literature by asking these two questions: a) What are the types of reduplications found in Pangkur Jenggleng Padepokan Ayom Ayem TV Programs? and b) What are the semantic functions or categories of those reduplications? The results of this study confirm the previous studies on Javanese reduplication which reported that full reduplication (without any lexical category changes) are more frequently used than other types of reduplications in Javanese language. This study also confirms the results of previous studies that the dominant semantic functions of Javanese reduplication are repetition and pluralization. Further studies on Javanese reduplication were suggested to gain more knowledge as well as to preserve the Javanese language.DOI:10.24071/ijhs.2019.020207

This book provides a theoretically framed and empirically supported approach to support explicit learning (learning with awareness) in L2 development with a link to learning in the classroom setting. It approaches explicit L2 learning from five perspectives: theory, methodology, empirical work, model building, and pedagogy. It is theoretically based on mentalist or psycholinguistics SLA which posit that L2 development is more cognitive in nature. It also reviews studies which were motivated by cognitive accounts of SLA, more specifically studies on explicit L2 learning. It provides teachers with a model of L2 learning process in instructed SLA, and researchers with reviews on data elicitation procedures (online and offline) in SLA research. This book is written with novice teachers and researchers in mind, therefore it is both theoretical and practical in nature.DOI: 10.24071/llt.2019.220212