This dataset describes the knowledge of local people in North Sulawesi on local edible fruits which can be eaten raw or used as medicine. North Sulawesi is located in the Wallacea zone [1,2] and has a high biodiversity of local fruits that are not yet fully exploited. Fruits are available as rich sources of vitamins, fibres, minerals, and phytochemicals [3] for local people's diet and health. Ethnobotany was used to collect data for the documentation of local knowledge on the existence, the use, and conservation practices of local fruits using semi-structured and structured interviews and questionnaire. There were 27 recorded families of local edible fruits, predominated by Myrtaceae and Anacardiaceae. Some fruits were found abundantly, but some were rarely found, especially those which were endemic to North Sulawesi. The fruit trees were mostly self-grown, and the fruits were eaten by the community themselves. In general, they were well aware of the types of local fruits that could be eaten raw. Knowledge of local fruits were passed on from generation to generation. Most people claimed that local fruits which could be eaten raw were also used for medicine and maintaining health. Most of the local fruits used as medicines were not made as medicinal preparations, but eaten raw or cooked. However, most people did not know exactly about the efficacy of the fruits. Types of diseases that were claimed to be cured by using local fruit among others were sprue, high cholesterol and digestive disorders. The possibility of future youth generations to consume these fruits was very high, according to most people. But they were worried that the younger generation in the future would prefer imported fruits. The community in general knew that these local fruits needed to be conserved, but they did not yet know how to maintain the existence of these local fruits in the future, apart from their current practices.
Reclamation activities in the "PT Newmont Minahasa Raya (PTNMR)" mined area have been carried out since 1997 and include land reclamation, construction of erosion protection structures, planting and maintenance activities. The reclamation aimed to provide slope stability for geotechnical activity and erosion control, landscape improvement to complement the natural topography, generate the growth of independent vegetation, support the expected future land use, and return native faunas back to the reclaimed areas. Monitoring of reclamation development has been carried out since mine closure in 2004. The five parameters monitored include: plant density and vegetation dynamic, canopy coverage, seed production, return of fauna, and forest productivity. The areas monitored comprise of the entire mined site and the surrounding natural forests. The results of the study indicate that the current ecosystem in the reclaimed areas has changed from a man-made ecosystem to a natural ecosystem. The acceleration of such an ecosystem change occurred because PTNMR has consistently maintained "patches" of natural area around the reclamation area since the beginning of its operations to promote progressive reclamation.
Asian cavity-nesting honey bee Apis nigrocincta, a native bee species from Sulawesi and the Philippines, plays a vital role in pollinating flowering plants in local ecosystem and agriculture. In this study, we assessed the intraspecific genetic variation of A. nigrocincta using the sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that there were three main clades in A. nigrocincta specimens from Sulawesi based on their respective locations (North, Central, and South Sulawesi). Genetic distance analysis using the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model showed that the intraspecific genetic distance in Sulawesi specimens ranged from 0.000 to 0.055. There are 26 nucleotide polymorphic sites within Sulawesi A. nigrocincta. The variation was dominated by transition T ↔ C. The molecular identification result was supported by morphological identification. The results of the two methods agree that the specimen under study was A. nigrocincta. The result of genetic distance calculation indicated that although the tested specimens were derived from remote locations, the genetic variation was still within the range of intraspecific variation.
Orchid is the largest family that occupies 7-10% of flowering plants and has around 20,000 to 35,000 species. In Sulawesi, according to experts there are around 5000 species of plants that are not known with certainty about their spread and abundance. It has been estimated that approximately 253 endemic orchid species, around 80% of the total number of orchids. In the life stage, tropical orchid plants are epiphytic, with the root system attached to the tree, but does not harm the host tree. There are also those that grow geofitis, with other terms terresterial means to grow on the ground with roots in the soil. There are also those that are saprophytic, grow on the media of dried leaves and weathered wood that has rot into humus. To inventory forest species in Batuputih Nature Park, Bitung City, North Sulawesi. The study was conducted in January -February 2018. Data collection was carried out by exploratory methods. The types of orchids that were found during exploration in TWA Batuputih, which are sorted by the type most found on the three transects: namely Dendrodium sp with a total of 12 points at a height of 40-200 masl, Phaleonopsis amabilis with a height of 52 -102 masl as many as 3 points while, Dendrodium indivisum with a number of 1 point, which is at an altitude of 136 masl, Nervilia aragoana as many as 10 points with an altitude of 10-84 masl, and Nervilia plicata found only 1 point, at an altitude of 52 masl. Of the five types consisted of 3 genera, namely Dendrodium, Phaleonopsis, and Nervilia, and 2 types of (habitats) terrestrial and epiphytes. Keywords: orchid, type and habitat of forest orchids ABSTRAKAnggrek merupakan famili terbesar yang menempati 7-10% tumbuhan berbunga dan memiliki sekitar 20.000 sampai 35.000 jenis. Di Sulawesi, menurut para ahli terdapat sekitar 5000 spesies tumbuhan yang kurang diketahui secara pasti penyebaran dan kelimpahannya. Telah diperkirakan kurang lebih 253 spesies anggrek endemik, sekitar 80% dari seluruh jumlah anggrek. Dalam tahap hidup tumbuhan anggrek tropis bersifat epifit, dengan sistem akar menempel pada pohon, namun tidak merugikan pohon inang. Ada yang tumbuh geofitis, dengan istilah lain terresterial artinya tumbuh di tanah dengan akar-akar di dalam tanah. Ada pula yang bersifat saprofit, tumbuh pada media daun-daun kering dan kayu-kayu lapuk yang telah membusuk menjadi humus. Untuk menginventarisasi jenis-jenis angrek hutan di Taman Wisata Alam Batuputih, Kota Bitung, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari -Februari 2018. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode eksploratif. Jenis-jenis anggrek yang di temukan selama ekplorasi di TWA Batuputih yaitu di urutkan berdasarkan jenis yang paling banyak di temukan pada ketiga transek : yaitu Dendrodium sp dengan jumlah 12 titik yang berada pada ketinggian dari 40-200 mdpl, Phaleonopsis amabilis dengan ketinggian 52-102 mdpl yang berjumlah 3 titik sedangkan, Dendrodium indivisum dengan jumlah 1 titik, yang berada pada ketinggian 136 mdpl, Nervilia aragoana sebanyak 10 titik dengan ketinggia...
Describing the quality of forest ecosystems using a carbon sequestration approach is important in understanding global warming. From 1997 to 2010, PT Newmont Minahasa Raya (PTNMR) has reclaimed 215 ha bare land of ex-mining area. The area now has become a fully functioning forest ecosystem. The forest absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere and accumulates it into a living biomass. The aim of this study was to estimate carbon sink in the Ratatotok forest, an ex-mining area. The study observed: 1) species composition at the various stages of plant development; 2) tree height and diameter to estimate the standing biomass; 3) carbon content of the understorey species; 4) carbon content of the ground litters; and 5) soil carbon content. Carbon content measurement employed a loss on ignition method, while total carbon was estimated using existing allometric equations. This study was conducted in the reclaimed areas from six
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