Objective To determine if the chemokine monocyte M1 1379; P<0.05). No diCerences in circulating serum MCP-1 level were detected between controls chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is produced locally in patients with bladder cancer and to analyse and patients. The low-grade (GI) RT4 bladder cancer cell line produced only traces of MCP-1, which did not a possible correlation between tumour stage, grade and metastatic spread, and the urinary and systemic change under nutritional stress; in contrast, the highly malignant T24 bladder cancer cell line (GIII) sponlevels of MCP-1. Patients, subjects and methods Urine and serum samples taneously secreted large amounts of MCP-1 (#7000 pg/mL) which increased under nutritive were obtained from 60 patients with bladder cancer and 20 control subjects. Tumour stage, grade, metstress to 13 000 pg/mL. Conclusion MCP-1, as a potent monocyte chemoastasis and nodal status were assessed. MCP-1 levels in serum and urine were determined using a sandwich attractant to tumour sites, is probably produced by bladder cancer cells; MCP-1 levels in the vicinity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two transitional cell cancer cell lines (grade I and grade III) were the tumour (i.e. urine) correlate significantly with TNM stage and grade. As has already been shown in analysed for MCP-1 production under normal and nutritive-stress cell culture.other neoplasms, the resulting monocyte/macrophage infiltrate possibly facilitates tumour neovascularization Results The correlation of urinary MCP-1 levels with tumour stage, grade and distant metastasis was highly and tissue invasion. Therefore, MCP-1 levels in the urine of patients with bladder cancer may be a progsignificant. Patients with stage T2-T4 bladder cancer had three to fourfold higher mean MCP-1 concennostic marker for the natural course of the disease, and modulation of this chemokine might be a future trations (pg/mL) in their urine than those with T1 stage tumours or than the controls (controls 260; T1 therapeutic approach for adjuvant treatment of bladder cancer. 359; T2 967; T3 917; T4 1829; P<0.005). A tumour grade of >GI and the existence of distant metastasis Keywords Monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, bladder cancer, transitional cell carcinoma, cytokines (M1) also correlated significantly with higher urinary MCP-1 levels (GI 373; GII 661; GIII 1111; M0 644; on neutrophil granulocytes, e.g. IL-8. In contrast, MCP-1
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly infiltrated by CD4T cells that express RORγt and IL-17 (T17). Compelling evidence from the tumor microenvironment suggest that regulatory T cells (T) contribute to T17 mediated inflammation. Concurrently, PDAC patients have elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may lead to T17 associated functional plasticity in T. In this study, we investigated the phenotype and functional properties of T in patients with PDAC. We report that PDAC patients have elevated frequency of FOXP3T, which exclusively occurred within the FOXP3RORγtT compartment. The FOXP3RORγtT retained FOXP3T markers and represented an activated subset. The expression of RORγt in T may indicate a phenotypic switch toward T17 cells. However, the FOXP3RORγtT produced both T17 and T2 associated pro-inflammatory cytokines, which corresponded with elevated T17 and T2 immune responses in PDAC patients. Both the FOXP3T and FOXP3RORγtT from PDAC patients strongly suppressed T cell immune responses, but they had impaired anti-inflammatory properties. We conclude that FOXP3RORγtT have a dual phenotype with combined pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of PDAC.
CTCs predict nonresectability and impaired survival. CTC analysis should be considered as a tool for decision-making before liver resection in these patients.
Objective: We evaluated the prognostic impact of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for patients with presumed resectable pancreatic and periampullary cancers. Summary of Background Data: Initial treatment decisions for this group are currently taken without a reliable prognostic marker. The CellSearch system allows standardized CTC-testing and has shown excellent specificity and prognostic value in other applications. Methods: Preoperative blood samples from 242 patients between September 2009 and December 2014 were analyzed. One hundred seventy-nine patients underwent tumor resection, of whom 30 with stage-I tumors and duodenal cancer were assigned to the low-risk group, and the others to the high-risk group. Further 33 had advanced disease, 30 benign histology. Observation ended in December 2016. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated by log-rank and Cox regression. Results: CTCs (CTC-positive; ≥1 CTC/7.5 mL) were detected in 6.8% (10/147) of the high-risk patients and 6.2% (2/33) with advanced disease. No CTCs (CTC-negative) were detected in the low-risk patients or benign disease. In high-risk patients, median CSS for CTC-positive versus CTC-negative was 8.1 versus 20.0 months (P < 0.0001), and DFS 4.0 versus 10.5 months (P < 0.001). Median CSS in advanced disease was 7.7 months. Univariate hazard ratio (HR) of CTC-positivity was 3.4 (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, CTC-status remained independent (HR: 2.4, P = 0.009) when corrected for histological type (HR: 2.7, P = 0.030), nodal status (HR: 1.7, P = 0.016), and vascular infiltration (HR: 1.7, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Patients testing CTC-positive preoperatively showed a detrimental outcome despite successful tumor resections. Although the low CTC-rate seems a limiting factor, results indicate high specificity. Thus, preoperative analysis of CTCs by this test may guide treatment decisions and warrants further testing in clinical trials.
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