No abstract

Depressive symptoms are common in patients with end-stage renal disease, which can affect treatment and prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the effects of nonpharmacological interventions for depressive symptoms in end-stage renal disease. Eligible studies were identified using PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PsycNET (up to March 2019). We identified 24 studies including 1,376 patients. We found that psychological intervention (−0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [–0.87, –0.33]), exercise (−1.13, 95% CI = [–1.56, –0.69]), and manual acupressure (−0.26, 95% CI = [–0.50, 0.03]) were associated with a significant effect on depressive symptoms. However, few studies reported adverse events, and conclusions about safety should be drawn cautiously. While the available data show that nonpharmacological interventions are potential strategies to alleviate depressive symptoms of patients with end-stage renal disease, recommendation of the most efficacious interventions for this population will require future randomized controlled trials with large-scale, long-term intervention.

Fault dislocation occurs under certain stress conditions. Based on the mechanical relationship between the direction of crustal stress and fault occurrence, three criteriafault dislocation trend, fault strike dislocation trend, and dip dislocation trend-are put forward. According to these three criteria, the fault slip and the type of slip can be inferred. The parameters that have great influence on the characteristics of fault slip are fault dip angle, angle between horizontal principal stress and fault strike, depth, lateral pressure coefficient, internal friction angle, and cohesion of fault plane. Fault slip is more likely to occur in the environment of high deviation stress, low friction angle, and dip angle of about 40 •. Fault rupture is a point-to-surface and deep-to-shallow process. When the criterion value of the local position of the fault is greater than 0, it will lead to the slip of the nearby fault. When the slip range of the fault extends to the surface, it will cause large earthquakes with large-scale surface rupture. The theoretical calculation is basically consistent with the numerical simulation results. According to the theory in this paper, the slip instability state of Longmen Mountain Fault Zone under different stress conditions is calculated, and the results show that when the lateral pressure coefficient is greater than 2.5, dislocation occurs in the deep part of the fault.

The butterfly plastic zone theory based on Mohr Coulomb criterion has been widely used in coal mine production. In order to verify the universality of the theory, it is necessary to compare the distribution of plastic zone under different strength criteria. Based on the elastic-plastic mechanics, the principal stress distribution function around the circular tunnel is deduced in the paper, and the boundary and radius of the plastic zone under different strength criteria are calculated. The results show that the change laws of the plastic zone around the circular tunnel under different strength criteria has the following commonness: firstly, with the increase of the lateral pressure coefficient, the shape of the plastic zone presents the change laws of “circle ellipse butterfly”; Secondly, with the increase of the lateral pressure coefficient, the radius of the plastic zone is exponential distribution, while the characteristic value is different when the radius of the plastic zone is infinite. At same time, it shows that the butterfly plastic zone has a low sensitivity dependence on the strength criterion, no matter which strength criterion is adopted, and the butterfly plastic zone will inevitably appear in the surrounding rock mass of circular tunnel in the high deviator stress environment; The plastic zone with butterfly shape is highly sensitive to the stress change, and the small stress change may promote the expansion of the plastic zone. This result is significant for us to understand and prevent rock engineering disasters and accidents.