Background: Mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) plays a critical role in the intestinal physiological ecosystems. Small and large intestines have evidently intrinsic and distinct characteristics. However, whether there exist any mesenteric differences adjacent to the small and large intestines (SMAT and LMAT) has not been properly characterized. We studied the important facets of these differences, such as morphology, gene expression, cell components and immune regulation of MATs, to characterize the mesenteric differences. Methods: The SMAT and LMAT of mice were utilized for comparison of tissue morphology. Paired mesenteric samples were analyzed by RNA-seq to clarify gene expression profiles. MAT partial excision models were constructed to illustrate the immune regulation roles of MATs, and 16S-seq was applied to detect the subsequent effect on microbiota. Results: Our data show that different segments of mesenteries have different morphological structures. SMAT not only has smaller adipocytes but also contains more fat-associated lymphoid clusters than LMAT. The gene expression profile is also discrepant between these two MATs in mice. B-cell markers were abundantly expressed in SMAT, while development-related genes were highly expressed in LMAT. Adipose-derived stem cells of LMAT exhibited higher adipogenic potential and lower proliferation rates than those of SMAT. In addition, SMAT and LMAT play different roles in immune regulation and subsequently affect microbiota components. Finally, our data clarified the described differences between SMAT and LMAT in humans. Conclusions: There were significant differences in cell morphology, gene expression profiles, cell components, biological characteristics, and immune and microbiota regulation roles between regional MATs.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by immune disorders contributing to its pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify key biomarkers and immune-related pathways implicated in the progression of RA, as well as investigate the relationship between these biomarkers and immune cell infiltration in RA. Methods: Gene microarray data from the GEO database were utilized. Key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with RA were identified through differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Functional enrichment analyses, including GO, KEGG, and GSEA, were performed on the key DEGs. Hub gene markers were determined using LASSO regression of the key DEGs. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was employed to analyze the infiltration levels of 28 types of immune cells in the expression profile and their relationship with hub gene markers. Additionally, the diagnostic accuracy of the hub markers for RA was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: A total of 2596 differential genes were identified, and 28 co-expression modules were obtained through WGCNA, with the green module showing the highest correlation with RA. By combining the differential genes, 496 intersecting genes were obtained. LASSO analysis yielded six hub genes (AIM2, ANKRD12, CXCL10, NCOA6, PPP3CA, and SRPR) as potential biomarkers for RA. The analysis of immune infiltration revealed significant relationships among activated B cells, activated CD4+ T cells, activated CD8+ T cells, and effector memory CD4+ T cells. ROC curve analysis demonstrated the excellent diagnostic value of the six hub genes. Functional enrichment analysis of the differential genes revealed their predominant enrichment in immune- and inflammation-related pathways. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the six hub genes (AIM2, ANKRD12, CXCL10, NCOA6, PPP3CA, and SRPR) may play a role in the progression of RA through immune-related signal pathways. B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells appear to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of RA.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.