Purpose This study aims to explore the relationship between the four-dimensional structured perceived organizational support (emotional support, instrumental support, supervisor support, and coworker support) and the turnover intention of pharmacists in primary healthcare institutions. The gender differences between perceived organizational support and turnover intention will also be examined. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare institutions of 31 cities in China from 2 July to 1 September 2021. And the binary logistic regression model was employed for data analysis. Results 937 valid questionnaires are allocated from pharmacists in primary healthcare institutions. The regression results indicated that emotional support (b=0.073, p<0.001) has a significant influence on pharmacists’ turnover intention, and the effect of supervisor support (b=0.173, p=0.046) on pharmacists’ turnover intention differs by gender. Conclusion These findings offer suggestions for the management and stabilization of pharmacists in primary healthcare institutions. It is suggested that specific measures should be taken to increase pharmacists’ perceived organizational support and reduce their turnover intention. At the same time, gender differences need to be taken into consideration by the managers when providing perceived organizational support to reduce their turnover intention through adaptive management.
Evidence suggests that social capital in medical and health institutions is associated with the job satisfaction of medical staff. We examined the relationship between the social capital of Primary Healthcare Institutions (PHI) and the job satisfaction of pharmacists within it. Materials and Methods: From August 24 to September 1, 2021, we visited a total of 253 PHIs in 31 provinces of China. The social capital of healthcare organizations reported by employees (SOCAPO-E) scale was used to measure the social capital level of PHIs. And the Minnesota short-form job satisfaction scale was used to obtain pharmacists' job satisfaction. We employed multiple linear regression to explore the relationship between the social capital of PHI and pharmacists' job satisfaction. We also examined the effects of pharmacists' individual characteristics and job-related factors on pharmacists' job satisfaction. Results: It was statistically significant that the higher the social capital stock of PHI, the higher the job satisfaction level of pharmacists becomes. In addition, the regression analysis revealed that work hours, employment form, license acquired condition, disputes with patients and training frequency were significantly associated with the job satisfaction of pharmacists in PHI. Conclusion: Social capital in PHI has a significant impact on pharmacists' job satisfaction, suggesting that investing in social capital in PHI is a valuable investment in China. Furthermore, trust, which can be divided into affective trust and cognitive trust, and reciprocity are vital to the fulfillment of pharmacists' job satisfaction as core elements of social capital.
Purpose This study aims to investigate the current health status of Chinese physicians in primary healthcare institutions (PHI) and the effects of personal characteristics, lifestyle, work-related environment and life-related environment on the subhealth status (SHS) of them. Methods A conceptual framework of various influencing factors was constructed with reference to the concept of health-related quality of life before the convenience sampling. Self-administered questionnaires are distributed to acquire the cross-sectional information of nationwide PHI physicians. A logit regression model was constructed to investigate the influence of various factors on the SHS of PHI physicians. Results Among 682 valid cases included in the logit regression, 457 physicians were in SHS, with an SHS rate of 67%. The regression results (R2=0.3934, chi-square=337.07, p<0.0001) showed that long working hours (p<0.05), personal income (p<0.05) and life stress (p<0.05) were protective factors for subhealth. The frequency of alcohol consumption (p<0.01), smoking (p<0.05), fear of making mistakes at work (p< 0.001), tension with colleagues (p < 0.0001), and job satisfaction (p < 0.05) were all risk factors. Other factors such as education (p < 0.1) also had an effect on the SHS of primary care physicians. Conclusion A large proportion of PHI physicians in China are in SHS and many of them are not aware that they are in a poor health state. The logit regression model showed that factors including worries about the occurrence of accidents, strained relationships with colleagues, job satisfaction, and frequency of smoking and drinking negatively influence the SHS of PHI physicians, which should be paid more attention. Meanwhile, annual personal income, long working hours and life stress are protective factors, which means that these factors need to be encouraged.
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