The Mohorovĩcíc discontinuity (Moho) is the boundary between the Earth's crust and upper mantle. It is critical to determine accurate Moho depth for gaining insight into the deep structure of the Earth, material and energy exchange processes, and geodynamic problems (Ebbing et al., 2018;Gozzard et al., 2019;Xu et al., 2017). Currently, the seismic and gravimetric methods are the primary geophysical methods for determining the depth of Moho. Seismic methods are quite expensive, and seismic stations are sparse in many regions with extreme conditions (e.g., ocean, plateau, and polar). In addition, seismic methods could be ineffective for recovering three-dimensional (3D) Moho topography across vast regions. Along with seismic surveys, gravity observations can also be used to estimate the Moho depth. In recent decades, as satellite-gravity missions, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) (Tapley et al., 2004), the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) (Floberghagen et al., 2011), GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) (Kornfeld et al., 2019), and satellite altimetry (Sandwell et al., 2014) have advanced, it is now possible to obtain high resolution and accurate gravity data with almost global and homogeneous coverage. At the moment, several global gravity field models (GGMs) have been constructed with high accuracy and resolution by combining terrestrial, altimetric, and satellite gravity data, such as EGM2008 (Pavlis et al., 2012), EIGEN-6C4 (Förste et al., 2014), and XGM2019e_2159 (Zingerle et al., 2020. These GGMs with maximum degree/order of 2190 (Spatial resolution ∼10 km) have been

The development of high-performance cathode material is the key to realize commercial application of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Vanadium-based materials have been used as cathode candidate for ZIBs due to their...

The large volume expansion hinders the commercial application of silicon oxide (SiO x ) anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Recent studies show that binders play a vital role in mitigating the volume change of SiO x electrodes. Herein, we introduce the small molecule tannic acid (TA) with high branching into the linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) binder for SiO x anodes. The three-dimensional (3D) crosslinked network with multiple hydrogen bonds is formed by the incorporation of abundant hydroxyl groups with unique carboxyl groups, which increases the interfacial adhesive strength with SiO x particles. As a consequence, SiO x electrodes based on the PAA-TA binder show an excellent cycling performance with a high specific capacity of 1025 mA h g–1 at 500 mA g–1 after 250 cycles. Moreover, the SiO x ||NCM811 full cell exhibits a reversible capacity of 143 mA h g–1 corresponding to 87.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles.