The conventional method of monitoring the stability and safety of slopes at high-altitude dumps is associated with a high financial investment and poses a risk for personnel involved in the deployment of monitoring instruments. In order to mitigate the challenges posed by conventional monitoring methods, including high investment and potential risks to personnel, we employed Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) technology for the evaluation of slope stability at a high-altitude dumps in Sangri County, Shannan, Tibet. The utilization of Synthetic Aperture Radar Differential Interferometry (D-InSAR) technology was employed to observe the deformation of the dumps over the course of the rainy season, spanning from 2019 to 2022. A four-year (Nov 2018 to Oct 2022) deformation rate assessment of the dumps was performed utilizing the Small Baseline Subset⁃Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology. The accuracy of InSAR monitoring in high-altitude slope areas was verified through correction with the results obtained from GNSS RTK monitoring. The state of stability and safety of the slope at the dumps was evaluated based on the results obtained from deformation monitoring. The D-InSAR monitoring results indicated that when the rainfall surpassed 300 mm, the slope deformation of the dumps exhibited a maximum displacement of 20 mm, necessitating intervention. The results of SBAS-InSAR monitoring indicate that the slope of the dumps underwent substantial deformation changes during the rainy season, yet remained stable during the dry periods. However, the results of our SBAS-InSAR monitoring indicate that the deformation and displacement curves of the dumps did not correspond entirely with changes in rainfall, and exhibited a hysteresis phenomenon in terms of deformation magnitude. The application of InSAR technology allows for the comprehensive and dynamic monitoring of the slopes at high-altitude dumps, offering reliable long-term assessments of safety and stability and ensuring secure and stable operations.
To monitor the safety status of the bolts in coal mining roadways in real time, the safety and stability of the bolt support structure were evaluated. Based on the conventional support bolts used in the field, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor and medium materials were selected. Through theoretical analysis, the bolt tension, and FBG temperature tests, the strain transmission mechanism of the FBG bolt was analyzed, and it was ensured that the developed FBG bolt could accurately measure the strain of the bolt. In the field test, FBG bolts were arranged on the positive and negative sides of the mining roadway to accurately monitor the safety status of the bolts in service in real time, and the force characteristics of the bolts monitored by the FBG sensor were analyzed to obtain the maximum axial force of the positive and negative bolts. Thereafter, the safety status of the roadway bolt was evaluated. The results show that the positive side bolts axial force change is significantly greater than that of the negative side bolt; with the working face advancing to a distance of 60 m from the bolt as the dividing line, the positive side bolts axial force grows slowly before this, after which the axial force increases rapidly. The locations of the roadway where the positive and negative bolts are most affected by mining are determined, and roadway support and prevention measures for this location should be conducted in time. The safety status of the bolts is evaluated and monitored as follows: the positive side No. 2, No. 3, No. 5, and No. 6 bolts have reached the failure state, the positive side No. 4 bolt is in a dangerous state, the positive side No. 1, negative side No. 8 and No. 9 are in an abnormal state, and the negative side No. 7, No. 10, No. 11, and No. 12 are in a normal condition. This research has laid a technical foundation for the real-time monitoring of the bolt support of the mining roadway and the assessment of the safety status of bolts.
This study aimed to evaluate the safety of dump slopes in high-altitude areas subjected to severe dry-wet cycles. The in-service dump slopes No.1 and No.2 of the cement-used limestone mine in a high-altitude mining area were investigated. Based on the unsaturated-saturated seepage theory, incorporating the unsaturated soil shear strength equation and the matrix suction distribution equation, numerical calculations have been conducted to assess the evolution characteristics of the unsaturated-saturated seepage field and to evaluate the safety status of the dump slopes. The results indicate that the surface soil of the dump slopes shifted from an unsaturated state to a saturated state under dry-wet cycle conditions. Furthermore, as the dry-wet cycle times increased, the maximum vertical displacement of the No.1 and No.2 dump slopes increased. The numerical calculations of the maximum cumulative vertical displacement of the slope were consistent with the actual monitoring data. Although the factor of safety(FOS) of the slope decreased, it still met the safety and stability standards. Therefore, it concluded that the No.1 and No.2 in-service dump slopes were in a stable state under severe dry-wet cycle conditions.
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