Background: Myosin-19 is strongly associated with mitochondria and plays a role in the transport of mitochondria. Results: The light chains of myosin-19 are the regulatory light chains of myosin-2. ADP release is rate-limiting for acto-Myo19 ATPase and ADP strongly inhibits myosin-19 motor function. Conclusion: Myosin-19 is a plus-end-directed, high-duty ratio molecular motor. Significance: Myosin-19 functions as a molecular motor.

Ising machines based on analog systems have the potential to accelerate the solution of ubiquitous combinatorial optimization problems. Although some artificial spins to support large-scale Ising machines have been reported, e.g., superconducting qubits in quantum annealers and short optical pulses in coherent Ising machines, the spin stability is fragile due to the ultra-low equivalent temperature or optical phase sensitivity. In this paper, we propose to use short microwave pulses generated from an optoelectronic parametric oscillator as the spins to implement a large-scale Ising machine with high stability. The proposed machine supports 25,600 spins and can operate continuously and stably for hours. Moreover, the proposed Ising machine is highly compatible with high-speed electronic devices for programmability, paving a low-cost, accurate, and easy-to-implement way toward solving real-world optimization problems.

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Ising machines based on analog systems have the potential of acceleration in solving ubiquitous combinatorial optimization problems. Although some artificial spins to support large-scale Ising machine is reported, e.g. superconducting qubits in quantum annealers and short optical pulses in coherent Ising machines, the spin coherence is fragile due to the ultra-low equivalent temperature or optical phase sensitivity. In this paper, we propose to use short microwave pulses generated from an optoelectronic parametric oscillator as the spins to implement the Ising machine with large scale and also high coherence under room temperature. The proposed machine supports 10,000 spins, and the high coherence leads to accurate computation. Moreover, the Ising machine is highly compatible with high-speed electronic devices for programmability, paving a low-cost, accurate, and easy-to-implement way toward to solve real-world optimization problems.

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We revisit the intrinsic differential geometry of the Wasserstein space over a Riemannian manifold, due to a series of papers by Otto, Otto-Villani, Lott, Ambrosio-Gigli-Savaré, etc.

Dissipative solitons relying on the double balance between nonlinear and linear effects as well as cavity loss and gain have attracted increasing attention in recent years, since they give rise to novel operating states of various dissipative nonlinear systems. An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is a dissipative nonlinear microwave photonic system with a high quality factor that has been widely investigated for generating ultra-low noise single-frequency microwave signals. Here, we report a novel operating state of an OEO related to dissipative solitons, i.e., spontaneous frequency hopping related to the formation of dissipative microwave photonic solitons. In this operating state, dissipative microwave photonic solitons occur due to the double balance between nonlinear gain saturation and linear filtering as well as cavity loss and gain in the OEO cavity, creating spontaneous frequency-hopping microwave signals. The generation of wideband tunable frequency-hopping microwave signals with a fast frequency-hopping speed up to tens of nanoseconds is observed in the experiment, together with the corresponding soliton sequences. This work reveals a novel mechanism between the interaction of nonlinear and linear effects in an OEO cavity, extends the suitability and potential applications of solitons, and paves the way for a new class of soliton microwave photonic systems for the generation, processing, and control of microwave and RF signals.

In recent years, parity-time (PT) symmetry in optoelectronic systems has been widely studied, due to its potential applications in lasers, sensors, topological networks, and other fields. In this paper, a time-division multiplexed pulsed optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed to study the dynamics of a PT symmetry system. Two microwave pulses are used to realize the PT symmetry in a single spatial resonator based on the temporal degrees of freedom. The gain and loss of the microwave pulses and the coupling coefficient between them can then be controlled. We first demonstrate the phase diagram from PT broken to PT symmetry in the OEO system. We theoretically prove that the perturbation of a coupling-induced phase shift larger than ( 2 π ) × 10 − 2 causes the disappearance of the PT symmetry. In this experiment, the perturbation is less than ( 2 π ) × 0.5 × 10 − 2 ; thus, the phase transition of PT symmetry is observed. In addition, multipairs of PT-symmetry pulses indicate that pulsed OEO could be used to implement complex non-Hermitian Hamilton systems. Therefore, it is confirmed that pulsed OEO is an excellent platform to explore the dynamics of PT symmetry and other non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems.