Abstract-Liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) has been widely applied as a programmable digital device. However, the LC-SLM can only manipulate on light fields accurately under designated wavelengths since, when being uploaded a specific grayscale image onto it, the phase retardance offered by the LC-SLM is relevant to the wavelength of the incident light. This means that the calibration of LC-SLM is indispensable once the working wavelength changes. In this paper, based on a phase retrieval algorithm, a novel phase calibration method with high efficiency and accuracy is proposed for scaling LC-SLM. In the method, a 1-D phase retrieval algorithm for recovering the phase of a 1-D light field distribution is used to measure the voltage-phase characteristic curve of LC-SLM, where the gradient descent algorithm with a Root Mean Square propagation is introduced to obtain the phase. Simulations and experiments show that this method is stable and has the ability of anti-noise on some conditions and can eliminate the influence caused by crosstalk between pixels on the calibration. Compared with the traditional diffraction-based method, our method improves the calibration error up to 30% under the same experimental conditions.
The construction of a hollow structure could promote the diffusion of electrons and ions to improve the electrochemical performance of MoS2 based materials for metal‐ion batteries. Herein, we summarize the preparation technique of MoS2 hollow structural materials with different dimensions. The approaches to construct 0D hollow MoS2 materials for electrodes of metal‐ion batteries can be divided into the hard template approach, soft template approach, self‐template approach, and template‐free approach. Among them, the hard template approach and self‐sacrifice template approach are controllable but complicated, the soft template approach and template‐free approach are simple and scalable but not controllable. Furthermore, as the electrode material of metal‐ion batteries including lithium‐ion battery, sodium‐ion battery, potassium‐ion battery or magnesium‐ion battery, the 0D hollow structural MoS2 based materials could improve the diffusion kinetics of ion and electron and restrict the stack of MoS2. Furthermore, the 1D hollow MoS2 can provide oriented electron diffusion along with the axial direction, and the 3D hollow MoS2 can offer perforative pores for permeation of electrolytes and more active sites, which results in excellent rate capability and cycling stability. This paper could give inspiration for constructing MoS2 hollow structural materials with different dimensions and provide a constructive suggestion for synthesizing hollow materials with excellent electrochemical performance.
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