The water issue has posed a great challenge in the past twenty years in most Arab countries, including Iraq in particular, due to the establishment of many dams by Turkey, which led to a decrease in the annual rate of water resources and non-compliance with international law of trans-boundary water management. The west of Iraq is considered as an arid region and suffers scarcity of rain, which has led to severe drought and seriously affected water resources in terms of quality and quantity. In this study, a numerical model of water resources management for the Euphrates River is applied by using Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP). Anbar Province is selected to apply this model, in order to assess past trends in water resources management and to simulate current demand scenarios which must be known for the decision-makers and water resources managers, namely the reference scenario and the water tax scenario. The results showed that the demand for water in the reference scenario (2040) will be 2819.35 million cubic meters per year while the corresponding demand in the other scenario will be 2639.54 million cubic meters per year, which amounts to 179.81 million cubic meters per year saving that can be exploited.

Natural Organic Matter (NOM) is found in all surface waters. An increase in the amount of NOM over the past 10-20 years has been observed in raw water supply in many areas in Egypt, which has had a significant impact on drinking water treatment. Water scarcity and the increased contamination of drinking water has led to increased doses of coagulants and disinfectants used in water treatment, which has led to increased sludge volume and the production of harmful residual byproducts. In this paper, the results of experiments using an experimental model carried out to investigate improving the removal efficacy of NOM using a natural coagulant, such as chitosan, along with alum, are presented. The results show the use of chitosan is effective in removing NOM and reducing algae and turbidity. In addition, a dose of chitosan added to alum successfully reduced the amount of alum needed in the purification process.

 I.INTRODUCTIONOASTAL regions are highly considered within the Egyptian development plan. Accordingly, there is a great attention towards protecting and sustaining beaches so as structures from being damaged by waves. This could be achieved by the available protection measures (i.e. breakwaters, groins and seawalls. However, some of them are not efficient or economic, while others fail to achieve their required protection. Such ineffectiveness emerges from their poor placement or from their design or from the improper selection of the protecting measure itself. Moreover, conventional breakwaters (i.e.rubble mound and gravity breakwaters) building material quantity increases as the depth

No abstract

In terms of the importance of constructing new mega-urban zones to achieve future sustainable urban development for Egypt's Vision 2030, this research was initiated with the objective of protecting such zones by mapping flood hazards by "Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis" based on "Geographic Information System" (GIS-MCDA), where the Hegaza Village -Qena Governorate in Upper Egypt was taken as a study area. Accordingly, a research methodology was planned to encompass five investigations (Theoretical, field, numerical, analytical and inferential investigations). The hydrology of the study area was modeled by blending GIS Model-Builder and the hydrological model (HEC-1). A flood hazard map (F.H.M) was produced based on (GIS-MCDA), in terms of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research flagged out that the obtained results would most probably assist decisionmakers. In addition, the research highlighted the importance of implementing flood hazards management activities to ensure the environmental rehabilitation of watersheds to avoid flood disasters.