Wheat grain yield is affected by several biotic and abiotic factors. Among the abiotic factors heat stress is the most important factor that greatly affects the productivity of wheat. A study was carried out in loamy-sand soil to evaluate the effect of sowing at different thermal environments and its interaction with foliar spray of bio-regulators on growth indices and yield of wheat during rabi 2016–17 and 2017–18 at S K N Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replications consisting of 24 treatments. Wheat sown at 20ºC temperature, reported maximum growth indices i.e. LAD, CGR, RGR and NAR at 30–60 DAS and 60–90 DAS which were significantly higher than D1 (sowing at 18ºC) and D3 (sowing at 22ºC). The significantly higher LAI was recorded under B4 (SA @200 ppm) over all other treatments, while it remained at par with B3, B7 and B8 at 60 DAS and B6 and B8 at 90 DAS. At 30–60 DAS and 60–90 DAS, significantly higher LAD, CGR and RGR were noticed under the treatment B4 (SA @200 ppm) which superseded over rest of the treatments while it remained at par with B8 except CGR at 60–90 DAS. It is concluded that salicylic acid @200 ppm may be sprayed on 20ºC temperature sown crop, plays a major role in mitigating the abiotic stress via creation of favourable micro-climate; thereby increasing the productivity.
A field experiment was carried out at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during kharif 2015 and 2016 to determine the effects of rice establishment method, silicon application levels and silicon solubilizing bacteria on silicon concentrations and uptake by rice (Oryza sativa) and soil microbial parameters in rice-wheat cropping system. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design and replicated thrice. The experiment was conducted with 24 treatment combinations including rice establishment methods in main plot, silicon level in sub plot and silicon solubilizing microbes in sub-sub plot. Silicon concentration in grain and straw was highest in crop establishment of aerobic rice and lowest in TPR methods during both the years. Tested aerobic rice establishment methods significantly influenced the microbial biomass carbon (278.2 and 289.3 μg/g soil), soil dehydrogenase activity (202.3 and 198.3 μg TPF/g soil/day) and total count of silicon solubilizing bacteria (222.5 and 255.9 × 102 cfu/g soil) compared to SRI and TPR and the highest silicon concentration and uptake, microbial biomass carbon (285.9 μg/g soil), dehydrogenase activity (189.7 μg TPF/g soil/day) and total count of silicon solubilizing bacteria (239.6 102 cfu/g soil) was recorded with silicon application 120 kg/ha which at par with 80 kg/ha but statistically superior over to control and 40 kg/ha in terms of nutrient uptake in grain and straw and soil quality parameters during both years of study.
A field experiment was carried out during the rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Agronomy Farm, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan, to evaluate the effect of sowing at different thermal regimes and foliar sprays of bio-regulators on growth and yield of wheat. The treatments comprised three sowings (22ºC, 20ºC and 18ºC) and eight bio-regulators (control, water spray, SA @ 100 ppm, SA @ 200 ppm, TSA @ 100 ppm, TSA @ 200 ppm, TGA @ 100 ppm and TGA @ 200 ppm). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with 4 replications. Wheat sown at 20ºC showed superior performance in respect of dry-matter partitioning and yield parameters, i.e. grain, straw biological and yields as compared to sowing at 22ºC and 18ºC. Amongst the bio-regulators options, an application of SA @ 200 ppm resulted in better performance, being comparable with those of TSA @ 200 ppm and TGA @ 200 ppm. Crop sown at 20ºC along with SA @ 200 ppm was found to be a better option for maximum dry matter accumulation and productivity of wheat under heat stress.
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